The present disclosure relates to a device and method for degrading chlorinated hydrocarbon (CHC) in polluted groundwater. A preparation method for each of glass tubes and the method for degrading CHCs are as follows: uniformly mixing 55-85 wt % of Bi.sub.2O.sub.3, 5-15 wt % of B.sub.2O.sub.3, and 10-30 wt % of SrCO.sub.3, putting into a corrosion resistant crucible, holding at 1,050-1,300° C. for 15-45 min, forming into a glass tube, and holding the glass tube at 200-400° C. for 1-3 h, followed by annealing; soaking the inner wall of the glass tube for 10-30 min with a HCl solution with a concentration of 0.02-0.2 mol/L, washing with water, and providing an ultraviolet lamp to obtain a self-cleaning glass tube; guiding CHC-containing groundwater to the self-cleaning glass tube, turning on the ultraviolet lamp, and carrying out ultraviolet irradiation for 1-8 h, thereby effectively removing the CHCs.

The present disclosure relates to a lithium ion conductive material, preferably a lithium ion conductive glass ceramic, the material including a garnet-type crystalline phase content and an amorphous phase content. The material has a sintering temperature of 1000° C. or lower, preferably 950° C. or lower and an ion conductivity of at least 1*10.sup.−5 S/cm, preferably at least 2*10.sup.−5 S/cm, preferably at least 5*10.sup.−5 S/cm, preferably at least 1*10.sup.−4 S/cm, and the amorphous phase content includes boron and/or a composition including boron.

A decorative glass article is substantially free of lead oxide, and has a refractive index of 1.9 or more and an Abbe number of 42 or less.

A decorative glass article is substantially free of lead oxide, and has a refractive index of 1.9 or more and an Abbe number of 42 or less.

To provide glass having a high refractive index and a high transmittance. Glass (10) contains at least one component selected from the group consisting of TeO.sub.2, TiO.sub.2, WO.sub.3, Nb.sub.2O.sub.5, and Bi.sub.2O.sub.3, where Bi.sub.2O.sub.3 > 11.2% is satisfied, in mole percentage on an oxide basis, in which 3.78 ≤ Nb.sub.2O.sub.5/ (TeO.sub.2 + TiO.sub.2 + WO.sub.3 + Nb.sub.2O.sub.5 + Bi.sub.2O.sub.3) × 100 ≤ 19.2 is satisfied, and a total content of Fe, Cr, and Ni is smaller than 4 ppm by mass.

Provided is optical glass containing, in terms of mol % of cations: 10 to 60% of a La.sup.3+ component; more than 0% and up to 75% of a Ga.sup.3+ component; and 5 to 75% of a Nb.sup.5+ component, in which a total amount of the La.sup.3+ component, Ga.sup.3+ component, and Nb.sup.5+ component is 60 to 100%.

Provided is optical glass containing, in terms of mol % of cations: 10 to 60% of a La.sup.3+ component; more than 0% and up to 75% of a Ga.sup.3+ component; and 5 to 75% of a Nb.sup.5+ component, in which a total amount of the La.sup.3+ component, Ga.sup.3+ component, and Nb.sup.5+ component is 60 to 100%.

A glass composition according to an embodiment of the present invention includes, in mol %, from 1 to 20% of B.sub.2O.sub.3, from 30 to 80% of TeO.sub.2, and from 5 to 30% of MoO.sub.3 as glass composition.

A sealed, passively pumped, polycrystalline ceramic vacuum chamber and method for fabricating the chamber are disclosed. The body of the vacuum chamber is made from a polycrystalline ceramic, for example, alumina. The vacuum chamber includes one or more windows made from a transparent ceramic, for example, sapphire, to accommodate optical access, while remaining amorphous-glass free to minimize or eliminate helium permeation. The vacuum chamber components are joined via laser welding or furnace brazing and the completed chamber is bakeable at temperatures up to 400° C. The vacuum chamber can operate at high or ultra-high vacuum pressures for an extended period through the use of one or more getter-based pumps. The vacuum chamber may include one or more atomic sources depending upon the application.

A method for the production of lithium oxide and the use of such lithium oxide is described herein. The method includes reacting lithium carbonate with elemental carbon or a carbon source forming elemental carbon under certain reaction conditions. The reaction may be carried out in containers whose product-contacting surfaces are corrosion resistant to the reactants and products. The lithium oxide obtained according to the method described herein can used for the production of pure lithium hydroxide solutions or for the production of glasses glass ceramics or crystalline ceramics, for example, lithium ion conductive ceramics.