Provided is a glass material having a high light transmittance in a short wavelength range and easily producible. A glass material contains, in terms of % by mole, 5 to less than 30% Pr.sub.2O.sub.3 and 0.1 to 95% B.sub.2O.sub.3.

An X-ray sensing device includes a photosensitive element, lead-containing glass, and an X-ray conversion structure. The photosensitive element is configured to sense light having a first wavelength. The lead-containing glass overlaps the photosensitive element. The X-ray conversion structure is disposed on the lead-containing glass. The lead-containing glass is located between the photosensitive element and the X-ray conversion structure. The X-ray conversion structure is configured to at least partially convert X-rays into light having the first wavelength.

Embodiments are directed to glass articles which are resistant to UV photodarkening, the glass articles having a thickness ≤1.3 mm and comprise UV absorbers such as Ti, V, Mn, Fe, Cu, Ce, Ge, Mo, Cr, Co and Ni, and combinations thereof, or alternatively comprising ZnO or SnO.sub.2.

Optically transparent glass ceramic materials comprising a glass phase containing and a crystalline tungsten bronze phase comprising nanoparticles and having the formula M.sub.xWO.sub.3, where M includes at least one H, Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Ca, Sr, Ba, Zn, Cu, Ag, Sn, Cd, In, Tl, Pb, Bi, Th, La, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu, and U, and where 0<x<1. Aluminosilicate and zinc-bismuth-borate glasses comprising at least one of Sm.sub.2O.sub.3, Pr.sub.2O.sub.3, and Er.sub.2O.sub.3 are also provided.

A near-infrared absorbing glass is provided and includes 10% to 40% by weight of phosphorus and 5% to 35% by weight of iron, where a molar ratio of phosphorus to iron (P/Fe) of the near-infrared absorbing glass is between 1.75 and 5, and the near-infrared absorbing glass has an average transmittance of less than 10% to light with wavelengths ranging from 930 nm to 950 nm. A near-infrared cut-off filter including the near-infrared absorbing glass is also provided.

Provided is a Li.sub.2O-Al.sub.2O.sub.3-SiO.sub.2-based crystallized glass that has a high permeability to light in a ultraviolet to infrared range and is less likely to be broken. A Li.sub.2O-Al.sub.2O.sub.3-SiO.sub.2-based crystallized glass contains, in terms of % by mass, 40 to 90% Si.sub.O2, 5 to 30% Al.sub.2O.sub.3, 1 to 10% Li.sub.2O, 0 to 20% SnO.sub.2, 0 to 5% ZrO.sub.2, 0 to 10% MgO, 0 to 10% P.sub.2O.sub.5, and 0 to 4% TiO.sub.2 and a mass ratio of Li.sub.2O/(MgO+CaO+SrO+BaO+Na.sub.2O+K.sub.2O) is 3 or less.

An ultraviolet light absorbing glass according to the present invention includes 1.6% or more of t-Fe.sub.2O.sub.3, more than 1.0% of TiO.sub.2, and 0.016% or more of CoO. The ultraviolet light absorbing glass has t-Fe.sub.2O.sub.3/TiO.sub.2 of 1.2 or more, and an ultraviolet light transmittance (TUV400) at a sheet thickness of 3.1 mm of 2.0% or less, a ratio of visible light transmittance (TVA)/TUV400 of 10 or more, and a dominant wavelength (λD) of 555 nm or less.

An X-ray sensing device includes a photosensitive element, lead-containing glass, and an X-ray conversion structure. The photosensitive element is configured to sense light having a first wavelength. The lead-containing glass overlaps the photosensitive element. The X-ray conversion structure is disposed on the lead-containing glass. The lead-containing glass is located between the photosensitive element and the X-ray conversion structure. The X-ray conversion structure is configured to at least partially convert X-rays into light having the first wavelength.

The vehicle rear information acquisition system of the disclosure includes: a back window at a rear of a vehicle; and an information acquisition device disposed inside the vehicle, opposing the back window, and configured to apply and/or receive light to acquire information from outside the vehicle, the back window including a glass plate and a coating film on at least a part of a surface of the glass plate, and having a privacy region for protecting privacy inside the vehicle and an information acquisition region opposing the information acquisition device and transmitting the light, the privacy region having the coating film on the surface of the glass plate, the privacy region having a visible light transmittance of 10% or less, the information acquisition region having a visible light transmittance of 25% or more.

The vehicle rear information acquisition system of the disclosure includes: a back window at a rear of a vehicle; and an information acquisition device disposed inside the vehicle, opposing the back window, and configured to apply and/or receive light to acquire information from outside the vehicle, the back window including a glass plate and a coating film on at least a part of a surface of the glass plate, and having a privacy region for protecting privacy inside the vehicle and an information acquisition region opposing the information acquisition device and transmitting the light, the privacy region having the coating film on the surface of the glass plate, the privacy region having a visible light transmittance of 10% or less, the information acquisition region having a visible light transmittance of 25% or more.