Optically transparent glass ceramic materials comprising a glass phase containing and a crystalline tungsten bronze phase comprising nanoparticles and having the formula M.sub.xWO.sub.3, where M includes at least one H, Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Ca, Sr, Ba, Zn, Cu, Ag, Sn, Cd, In, Tl, Pb, Bi, Th, La, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu, and U, and where 0<x<1. Aluminosilicate and zinc-bismuth-borate glasses comprising at least one of Sm.sub.2O.sub.3, Pr.sub.2O.sub.3, and Er.sub.2O.sub.3 are also provided.

A sulfide glass solid electrolyte sheet can be protected from reaction with moisture by a thin metal layer coating converted to a thin electrochemically functional and protective compound layer. The converted protective compound layer is electrochemically functional in that it allows for through transport of lithium ions.

To provide a crystallized glass substrate including a surface with a compressive stress layer, in which a stress depth DOL.sub.zero of the compressive stress layer, at which the compressive stress is 0 MPa, is 45 to 200 μm, a compressive stress CS on an outermost surface of the compressive stress layer is 400 to 1400 MPa, and CS×DOL.sub.zero, which is a product of the compressive stress CS on the outermost surface and the stress depth DOL.sub.zero (μm), is 4.8×10.sup.4 or more.

To provide a crystallized glass substrate including a surface with a compressive stress layer, in which a stress depth DOL.sub.zero of the compressive stress layer, at which the compressive stress is 0 MPa, is 45 to 200 μm, a compressive stress CS on an outermost surface of the compressive stress layer is 400 to 1400 MPa, and CS×DOL.sub.zero, which is a product of the compressive stress CS on the outermost surface and the stress depth DOL.sub.zero (μm), is 4.8×10.sup.4 or more.

The present invention relates to a glass including, in terms of mole percentage based on oxides: 52% to 70% of SiO.sub.2; 14% to 25% of Al.sub.2O.sub.3; 10% to 18% of Li.sub.2O; 1% to 7% of Na.sub.2O; 0.1% to 5% of K.sub.2O; 0% to 10% of B.sub.2O.sub.3; 0% to 5% of P.sub.2O.sub.5; 0% to 5% of MgO; 0% to 5% of ZnO; 0% to 2% of ZrO.sub.2; and 0% to 5% of Y.sub.2O.sub.3, in which a parameter M is 20 or less, the parameter M being determined by the following formula, M=−1.15×[SiO.sub.2]−1.73×[Al.sub.2O.sub.3]+0.155×[Li.sub.2O]+0.74×[Na.sub.2O]−4.75×[K.sub.2O]−2.1×[B.sub.2O.sub.3]−2.17×[P.sub.2O.sub.5]+3.25×[MgO]−2.0×[ZnO]−13.3×[ZrO.sub.2]−0.80×[Y.sub.2O.sub.3]+120.

The present invention relates to a glass including, in terms of mole percentage based on oxides: 52% to 70% of SiO.sub.2; 14% to 25% of Al.sub.2O.sub.3; 10% to 18% of Li.sub.2O; 1% to 7% of Na.sub.2O; 0.1% to 5% of K.sub.2O; 0% to 10% of B.sub.2O.sub.3; 0% to 5% of P.sub.2O.sub.5; 0% to 5% of MgO; 0% to 5% of ZnO; 0% to 2% of ZrO.sub.2; and 0% to 5% of Y.sub.2O.sub.3, in which a parameter M is 20 or less, the parameter M being determined by the following formula, M=−1.15×[SiO.sub.2]−1.73×[Al.sub.2O.sub.3]+0.155×[Li.sub.2O]+0.74×[Na.sub.2O]−4.75×[K.sub.2O]−2.1×[B.sub.2O.sub.3]−2.17×[P.sub.2O.sub.5]+3.25×[MgO]−2.0×[ZnO]−13.3×[ZrO.sub.2]−0.80×[Y.sub.2O.sub.3]+120.

A pseudo-reference electrode comprising a pseudo-reference glass material backed by a silver conductor comprising silver metal, wherein the pseudo-reference glass material is a chalcogenide glass comprising a silver chalcogenide Ag2Ch, wherein Ch denotes a chalcogen, or a halide glass comprising a silver halide and at least one glass-forming oxide of a metal or a metalloid, a mixture of two or more of these glasses, or a composite of at least one of these glasses. This pseudo-reference electrode can be used in ion-selective electrode (ISE) sensors and ion-selective field effect transistors (ISFETs).

A glass ceramic article including a lithium disilicate crystalline phase, a petalite crystalline phased, and a residual glass phase. The glass ceramic article has a warp (μm)<(3.65×10.sup.−9/μm×diagonal.sup.2) where diagonal is a diagonal measurement of the glass ceramic article in μm, a stress of less than 30 nm of retardation per mm of glass ceramic article thickness, a haze (%)<0.0994t+0.12 where t is the thickness of the glass ceramic article in mm, and an optical transmission (%)>0.91×10.sup.(2−0.03t) of electromagnetic radiation wavelengths from 450 nm to 800 nm, where t is the thickness of the glass ceramic article in mm.

A glass ceramic article including a lithium disilicate crystalline phase, a petalite crystalline phased, and a residual glass phase. The glass ceramic article has a warp (μm)<(3.65×10.sup.−9/μm×diagonal.sup.2) where diagonal is a diagonal measurement of the glass ceramic article in μm, a stress of less than 30 nm of retardation per mm of glass ceramic article thickness, a haze (%)<0.0994t+0.12 where t is the thickness of the glass ceramic article in mm, and an optical transmission (%)>0.91×10.sup.(2−0.03t) of electromagnetic radiation wavelengths from 450 nm to 800 nm, where t is the thickness of the glass ceramic article in mm.

Embodiments of the disclosure relate to a rollable glass sheet configured to reversibly transition between a flat configuration and a bent configuration. The rollable glass sheet includes a first major surface and a second major surface opposite to the first major surface. The first major surface and the second major surface define a thickness of the glass sheet that is 0.4 mm or less. In the flat configuration, the first major surface includes a first surface compressive stress and a first depth of compression, and in the bent configuration, the first major surface includes a curvature. At a radius of curvature of 50 mm, the first major surface includes a second surface compressive stress less than the first compressive stress and a second depth of compression less than the first depth of compression and greater than 11 μm.