A glass-ceramic includes glass and crystalline phases, where the crystalline phase includes non-stoichiometric suboxides of titanium, forming ‘bronze’-type solid state defect structures in which vacancies are occupied with dopant cations.

A method of marking a glass-ceramic article includes the steps of: illuminating a glass-ceramic article with a beam from a laser, the glass-ceramic article having a thickness, T; and forming a mark in the glass-ceramic article while translating at least one of the glass-ceramic article or laser. The mark has a Contrast Ratio greater than 10. The step of forming a mark includes focusing the beam from the laser within the thickness, T, of the glass-ceramic article. The focusing of the beam results in alteration of a chemical property or a physical property of the glass-ceramic article. The mark produced by the beam from the laser extends through at least 50% of the thickness, T, of the glass-ceramic article. The glass-ceramic article may have a global temperature less than 100° C. during the marking process and does not fracture as the mark is formed.

Ion-exchanged glass ceramic articles described herein have a stress that decreases with increasing distance according to a substantially linear function from a depth of about 0.07 t to a depth of about 0.26 t from the outer surface of the ion-exchanged glass ceramic article from a compressive stress to a tensile stress. The stress transitions from the compressive stress to the tensile stress at a depth of from about 0.18 t to about 0.25 t from the outer surface of the ion-exchanged glass ceramic article. An absolute value of a maximum compressive stress at the outer surface of the ion-exchanged glass article is from 1.8 to 2.2 times an absolute value of a maximum central tension (CT) of the ion-exchanged glass article, and the glass ceramic article has a fracture toughness of 1 MPa√m or more as measured according to the double cantilever beam method.

The present invention discloses a hard and wear resistant titanium alloy and a method of preparing the hard and wear resistant titanium alloy utilizing laser cladding method. A glass-ceramic composite of SiO.sub.2—Al.sub.2O.sub.3—ZrO.sub.2—Y.sub.2O.sub.3—K.sub.2O—Na.sub.2O—B.sub.2O.sub.3 is coated on titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V substrate utilizing laser cladding. The laser cladding method replaces the need of industrial furnaces and reduces the amount of pollutants entering the atmosphere. The titanium Ti-6Al-4V alloy coated with the glass ceramic composite could be used in the aviation and maritime industries, instead of nickel and cobalt-based superalloys, to significantly reduce costs.

A glass ceramic article including a lithium disilicate crystalline phase, a petalite crystalline phased, and a residual glass phase. The glass ceramic article has a warp (μm)<(3.65×10.sup.−9/μm×diagonal.sup.2) where diagonal is a diagonal measurement of the glass ceramic article in μm, a stress of less than 30 nm of retardation per mm of glass ceramic article thickness, a haze (%)<0.0994t +0.12 where t is the thickness of the glass ceramic article in mm, and an optical transmission (%)>0.91×10.sup.(2-0.03t) of electromagnetic radiation wavelengths from 450 nm to 800 nm, where t is the thickness of the glass ceramic article in mm.

A fitout article or article of equipment for a kitchen or laboratory is provided. The article has a lighting and separating element. The separating element in a region of the lighting element has light transmittance of at least 0.1% and less than 12%. The lighting element in the interior emits light that passes through the separating element and to the exterior. The separating element has a glass or glass-ceramic substrate having a CTE of 0 to 6 ppm/K and has a colour locus in the CIELAB colour space with the coordinates L* of 20 to 40, a* of −6 to 6 and b* of −6 to 6. D65 standard illuminant light, after passing through the separating element, is within a white region W1 determined in the chromaticity diagram CIExyY−2° by the following coordinates: TABLE-US-00001 White region W1 x y 0.27 0.21 0.22 0.25 0.32 0.37 0.45 0.45 0.47 0.34 0.36 0.29.

Glass-ceramics exhibiting a Vickers indentation crack initiation threshold of at least 15 kgf are disclosed. These glass-ceramics may be ion exchangeable or ion exchanged. The glass-ceramics include a crystalline and amorphous phases generated by subjecting a thin precursor glass article to ceramming cycle having an average cooling rate in the range from about 10 C./minute to about 25 C./minute. In one or more embodiments, the crystalline phase may comprise at least 20 wt % of the glass-ceramics. The glass-ceramics may include -spodumene ss as the predominant crystalline phase and may exhibit an opacity about 85% over the wavelength range of 400-700 nm for an about 0.8 mm thickness and colors an observer angle of 10 and a CIE illuminant F02 determined with specular reflectance included of a* between 3 and +3, b* between 6 and +6, and L* between 88 and 97.

A method for manufacturing a crystallized glass member having a curved shape includes a deforming step of deforming at least a portion of a glass plate into a curved shape by an external force that acts on the glass plate while maintaining the temperature of the glass plate within a first temperature range and precipitating crystals from the glass plate. In the method for manufacturing a crystallized glass member having a curved shape according to Claim 1, the first temperature range is from [At 40] C. to [At +40] C., wherein At ( C.) is a yield point of the glass plate.

A method of reworking lithium containing ion exchanged glass articles is provided. The method includes a reverse ion exchange process that returns the glass article to approximately the composition of the glass from which the glass article was produced, before being subjected to ion exchange. The reworked glass articles exhibit a K.sub.2O concentration profile comprising a portion wherein a K.sub.2O concentration increases to a local K.sub.2O concentration maximum.

An article comprising an ion-exchanged glass material that prevents sharp contact flaws from entering a central region of the material that is under central tension and thus causing failure of the material. The glass material may be a glass or glass ceramic having a surface layer under compression. In some embodiments, the depth of the compressive layer is greater than about 75 um. The greater depth of layer prevents flaws from penetrating the compressive layer to the region under tension.