The purpose of the present invention is to provide a chemically strengthened glass having excellent transparency and strength and being scratch resistant. The present invention pertains to a chemically strengthened glass that: has a compressive stress layer on the surface thereof; has a visible light transmittance of at least 70% when the thickness thereof is converted to 0.8 mm; has a surface compressive stress of at least 600 MPa; has a compressive stress depth of at least 80 μm; and contains a β-spodumene.

Embodiments of a transparent glass-based material comprising a glass phase and a second phase that is different from and is dispersed in the glass phase are provided. The second phase may comprise a crystalline or a nanocrystalline phase, a fiber, and/or glass particles. In some embodiments, the second phase is crystalline. In one or more embodiments, the glass-based material has a transmittance of at least about 88% over a visible spectrum ranging from about 400 nm to about 700 nm and a fracture toughness of at least about 0.9 MPa.Math.m.sup.1/2, and wherein a surface of the glass-based material, when scratched with a Knoop diamond at a load of at least 5 N to form a scratch having a width w, is free of chips having a size of greater than 3w.

Systems and methods for forming an oxidation protection system on a composite structure are provided. In various embodiments, the oxidation protection system comprises a boron-glass layer formed on the composite substrate and a silicon-glass layer formed over the boron-glass layer. Each of the boron-glass layer and the silicon-glass layer include a glass former and a glass modifier.

A transparent colored glass ceramic, in particular an LAS glass ceramic, suitable for use as a cooking surface is provided. The transparent colored glass ceramic includes high-quartz solid solution (HQ s.s.) as a main crystal phase and exhibits thermal expansion of −1 to +1 ppm/Kin the range from 20° C. to 700° C. The glass ceramic has from 3.0 to 3.6 percent by weight of lithium oxide (Li.sub.2O) as constituents and either is colored with 0.003 to 0.05 percent by weight of vanadium oxide (V.sub.2O.sub.5) or is colored with 0.003 to 0.25 percent by weight of molybdenum oxide (MoO.sub.3).

A glass composition includes: greater than or equal to 53 mol % and less than or equal to 70 mol % SiO.sub.2; greater than or equal to 9 mol % and less than or equal to 20 mol % Al.sub.2O.sub.3; greater than or equal to 10 mol % and less than or equal to 17.5 mol % B.sub.2O.sub.3; greater than or equal to 0 mol % Li.sub.2O; greater than or equal to 0 mol % Na.sub.2O; and greater than 0.1 mol % of a nucleating agent. The sum of Li.sub.2O and Na.sub.2O in the glass composition may be greater than or equal to 8 mol % and less than or equal to 30 mol %. The amount of Al.sub.2O.sub.3 minus the sum of R.sub.2O and RO in the glass composition may be greater than or equal to −3 mol %. The glass composition may be phase separable and may have an improved K.sub.Ic fracture toughness.

A glass-ceramic article comprises: a center-volume composition comprising (on an oxide basis): 55-75 mol % SiO.sub.2; 0.2-10 mol % Al.sub.2O.sub.3; 0-5 mol % B.sub.2O.sub.3; 15-30 mol % Li.sub.2O; 0-2 mol % Na.sub.2O; 0-2 mol % K.sub.2O; 0-5 mol % MgO; 0-2 mol % ZnO; 0.2-3.0 mol % P.sub.2O.sub.5; 0.1-10 mol % ZrO.sub.2; 0-4 mol % TiO.sub.2; and 0-1.0 mol % SnO.sub.2. Lithium disilicate and either β-spodumene or β-quartz are the two predominant crystalline phases (by weight) of the glass-ceramic article. The glass-ceramic article further comprises tetragonal ZrO.sub.2 as a crystalline phase. The composition of the glass-ceramic article from a primary surface into a thickness of the glass-ceramic article can comprise over 10 mol % Na.sub.2O (on an oxide basis), with the mole percentage of Na.sub.2O decreasing from the primary surface towards the center-volume. The glass-ceramic article exhibits a ring-on-ring load-to-failure of at least 120 kgf, when the thickness of the glass-ceramic article is 0.3 mm to 2.0 mm.

A glass-ceramic includes a silicate-containing glass and crystals within the silicate-containing glass. The crystals include non-stoichiometric tungsten and/or molybdenum sub-oxides, and the crystals are intercalated with dopant cations.

In embodiments, a precursor glass composition comprises from about 55 wt. % to about 80 wt. % SiO.sub.2; from about 2 wt. % to about 20 wt. % Al.sub.2O.sub.3; from about 5 wt. % to about 20 wt. % Li.sub.2O; greater than 0 wt % to about 3 wt. % Na.sub.2O; a non-zero amount of P.sub.2O.sub.5 less than or equal to 4 wt. %; and from about 0.2 wt. % to about 15 wt. % ZrO.sub.2. In embodiments, ZrO.sub.2 (wt. %)+P.sub.2O.sub.5 (wt. %) is greater than 3. When the precursor glass composition is converted to a glass-ceramic article, the glass-ceramic article may include grains having a longest dimension of less than 100 nm.

A glass ceramic article including a lithium disilicate crystalline phase, a petalite crystalline phased, and a residual glass phase. The glass ceramic article has a warp (μm)<(3.65×10.sup.−9/μm×diagonal.sup.2) where diagonal is a diagonal measurement of the glass ceramic article in μm, a stress of less than 30 nm of retardation per mm of glass ceramic article thickness, a haze (%)<0.0994t+0.12 where t is the thickness of the glass ceramic article in mm, and an optical transmission (%)>0.91×10.sup.(2-0.03t) of electromagnetic radiation wavelengths from 450 nm to 800 nm, where t is the thickness of the glass ceramic article in mm.

Reinforced crystallized glass characterized including crystallized glass as a base material, the crystallized glass containing, as expressed in terms of mol % on an oxide basis, 30.0% to 70.0% of an SiO.sub.2 component, 8.0% to 25.0% of an Al.sub.2O.sub.3 component, 2.0% to 25.0% of an Na.sub.2O component, 1.0% to 6.0% of an Li.sub.2O component, 0 % to 25.0% of an MgO component, 0% to 30.0% of a ZnO component, and 0% to 10.0% of a TiO.sub.2 component, in which a surface of the reinforced crystallized glass is formed with a compressive stress layer, and a depth (DOLzero) of the compressive stress layer is 60 μm or more.