A glass microsphere, comprising: a main body, wherein the main body is solid while including a network of inter-connected pores produced from a phase separation process and thermal and chemical leaching operations, with porosity extending throughout a cross-section of the solid glass microsphere.

A scratch resistant alkali aluminoborosilicate glass. The glass is chemically strengthened and has a surface layer that is rich in silica with respect to the remainder of the glass article. The chemically strengthened glass is then treated with an aqueous solution of a mineral acid other than hydrofluoric acid, such as, for example, HCl, HNO.sub.3, H.sub.2SO.sub.4, or the like, to selective leach elements from the glass and leave behind a silica-rich surface layer. The silica-rich surface layer improves the Knoop scratch threshold of the ion exchanged glass compared to ion exchanged glass that are not treated with the acid solution as well as the post-scratch retained strength of the glass.

The invention provides a process for preparing a porous glass, comprising mixing borosilicate glass powder with calcium carbonate particles to form a mixture, sintering the mixture at a temperature in the range from 750 to 850 C. to obtain a sintered body, cooling the sintered body and leaching calcium carbonate from the cooled sintered body with the aid of an acid. The invention also provides a process for the preparation of one or more alkaline earth metal silicates by reacting a vitreous material and an alkaline earth carbonate, optionally in the presence of a transition metal or post-transition metal oxide, at a temperature lower than 1200 C., to form a composite consisting of one or more alkaline earth metal silicates and a residual glass, and optionally recovering the one or more silicates.

Provided herein is a film and methods of producing the same. The film includes a substrate and a layer adjacent to the substrate, wherein a surface of the layer comprises spaced apart protrusions. The methods include providing a substrate, depositing a layer on at least a portion of the substrate, decomposing the layer to form at least a first phase of material and a second phase of material, and removing at least a portion of the second phase from the decomposed layer to form a structured layer.

Provided is a porous glass member less likely to crack during production. A porous glass member has a porosity of 10 to 85% and contains, in terms of % by mass, 80 to below 100% SiO.sub.2, over 0 to 10% ZrO.sub.2, and 0 to 10% Al.sub.2O.sub.3.

An article having a nanostructured surface and a method of making the same are described. The article can include a substrate and a nanostructured layer bonded to the substrate. The nanostructured layer can include a plurality of spaced apart nanostructured features comprising a contiguous, protrusive material and the nanostructured features can be sufficiently small that the nanostructured layer is optically transparent. A surface of the nanostructured features can be coated with a continuous hydrophobic coating. The method can include providing a substrate; depositing a film on the substrate; decomposing the film to form a decomposed film; and etching the decomposed film to form the nanostructured layer.

The present invention provides a porous non-metallic material including a material body, the material body is composed of pore cavities and cavity walls formed by surrounding the pore cavities in three-dimensional space. The pore cavities are uniformly distributed, and each pore cavity is three-dimensionally interconnected. The pore cavities are uniformly distributed means that the pore cavities are uniformly distributed under any unit-level volume on the porous material. The present invention provides a specific and clear measurement method for pore cavities distribution uniformity of the porous material, that is, the pore distribution uniformity of the porous material and the hierarchical structure thereof is measured on the scale of the small unit-level volume. Such porous structure is highly uniform, thereby ensuring the uniformity of the properties of the porous material.

The present disclosure relates to an improved anti-reflective architectural or automotive glass. The glass may include a porous, nano-structured anti-reflective coating on at least one side of a glass product, including tempered or laminated glass. The porous, nano-structured anti-reflective coating may include pores increasing in size from a base layer at a glass substrate towards a porous surface. The porous, nano-structured anti-reflective coating, in some embodiments, may be on both surfaces of a glass product. Alternative embodiments include a painted surface on a second side of the glass product to provide an improved aesthetic glass design.

A porous silicon composition, a porous alloy composition, or a porous silicon containing cermet composition, as defined herein. A method of making: the porous silicon composition; the porous alloy composition, or the porous silicon containing cermet composition, as defined herein. Also disclosed is an electrode, and an energy storage device incorporating the electrode and at least one of the disclosed compositions, as defined herein.

An aerosol delivery device includes an outer housing, a reservoir containing a liquid, a heater configured to vaporize the liquid, and a liquid transport element configured to provide the liquid to the heater. The liquid transport element includes a rigid monolith. At least a portion of the rigid monolith is substantially cylindrical. The cylindrical portion has an exterior surface and a longitudinal axis. The exterior surface has at least one discontinuity.