A manufacturing method of a channel type planar waveguide amplifier and a channel type planar waveguide amplifier. The method is to pattern the channel structures on the surface of the optical substrate, and then seal them together with rare earth doped chalcogenide glass into the quartz tube, and finally the channel-type waveguide structure is directly created via the melt-quenching method to achieve high quality planar waveguide amplifier. Excellent side wall roughness can be assured since the present invention does not have any direct etching of rare earth ions. Chemical composition and the activity of the rare earth ions can be maintained since the whole process is not involved in any decomposition of the glass into atoms, ions or clusters as that occurs during the fabrication process of the films deposited by the traditional methods like thermal evaporation and magnetron sputtering.

A manufacturing method of a channel type planar waveguide amplifier and a channel type planar waveguide amplifier. The method is to pattern the channel structures on the surface of the optical substrate, and then seal them together with rare earth doped chalcogenide glass into the quartz tube, and finally the channel-type waveguide structure is directly created via the melt-quenching method to achieve high quality planar waveguide amplifier. Excellent side wall roughness can be assured since the present invention does not have any direct etching of rare earth ions. Chemical composition and the activity of the rare earth ions can be maintained since the whole process is not involved in any decomposition of the glass into atoms, ions or clusters as that occurs during the fabrication process of the films deposited by the traditional methods like thermal evaporation and magnetron sputtering.

A process for the printing of enamel on a constituent glass sheet of a laminated glazing which can be used in the motor vehicle field and including a stack of thin functional layers sensitive to scratchability. The process makes it possible to deposit an enamel layer on a glass sheet coated with a stack of thin layers.

A process for the printing of enamel on a constituent glass sheet of a laminated glazing which can be used in the motor vehicle field and including a stack of thin functional layers sensitive to scratchability. The process makes it possible to deposit an enamel layer on a glass sheet coated with a stack of thin layers.

The invention relates to a method comprising the steps of: Abrasion, preferably but non-limited by means of sandblasting which produces mechanical roughing on the surface of the glass substrate, optionally applying a primer on the roughed surface, and applying an ink on this primer by means of screen printing which may be digital inkjet screen printing, drying the injected ink deposited by means of digital screen printing, and performing a tempering process. A glass substrate with an embossed surface finish is achieved which simulates the aesthetic and surface texture of different construction materials, such as stone, wood, granite, marble or porcelain, among others.

One aspect is a method for producing a multilayered silica glass body. The method involves producing a multilayered silica glass body in which a transparent silica glass layer is provided on the surface of a siliceous substrate made of a siliceous material. The method includes preparing the siliceous substrate, preparing a silica slurry in which silica particles are dispersed in a liquid, applying the silica slurry to the surface of the siliceous substrate, leveling the silica slurry applied to the surface of the siliceous substrate by applying vibration to the siliceous substrate, drying the leveled silica slurry, and vitrifying the dried silica slurry by heating to form a transparent silica glass layer. As a result, a transparent silica glass layer of uniform thickness is obtained at excellent yield, and a method for producing a multilayered silica glass body easily in a short time is provided.

One aspect is a method for producing a multilayered silica glass body. The method involves producing a multilayered silica glass body in which a transparent silica glass layer is provided on the surface of a siliceous substrate made of a siliceous material. The method includes preparing the siliceous substrate, preparing a silica slurry in which silica particles are dispersed in a liquid, applying the silica slurry to the surface of the siliceous substrate, leveling the silica slurry applied to the surface of the siliceous substrate by applying vibration to the siliceous substrate, drying the leveled silica slurry, and vitrifying the dried silica slurry by heating to form a transparent silica glass layer. As a result, a transparent silica glass layer of uniform thickness is obtained at excellent yield, and a method for producing a multilayered silica glass body easily in a short time is provided.

Lithium silicate materials are described which can be easily processed by machining to dental products without undue wear of the tools.

Lithium silicate materials are described which can be easily processed by machining to dental products without undue wear of the tools.

A method for producing a glass-like protective layer on an optionally pre-coated metal or glass substrate. The method comprises: (a) mixing one or more defined silicon compounds with NaOH and KOH, (b) adding water to the mixture obtained in (a) to hydrolyze the silicon compound(s), (c) adding at least one defined compound of formula MY.sub.m,
where M is Pb, Ti, Zr, Al or B, to the hydrolyzed mixture obtained in (b), wherein the molar ratio M/Si is from 0.01/1 to 0.04/1, to obtain a coating sol, (d) applying the coating sol obtained in (c) to the substrate, and (e) thermal densification of the coating sol applied in d) at a temperature of from 300° C. to 500° C. to form the glass-like protective layer.