A microfabrication method is provided with which it is possible to easily form a fine periodic structure on a surface of any substrate. A glass precursor is applied to a substrate, and the glass precursor is irradiated with short-pulse laser light. By the irradiation with short-pulse laser light, the glass precursor is activated to undergo a thermal reaction, and a fine periodic structure can be easily formed on the surface. Furthermore, by oxidizing the substrate on which the fine periodic structure has been formed, the hue of the surface can be improved while maintaining the fine periodic structure.

A shielding mesh to counter scattered ionizing radiation is provided. The shielding mesh includes a plate, arrangement of depressions, a mesh of trenches, and an x-ray-absorbing material. The plate has a first side and a second side opposite the first side. The arrangement of depressions are in the plate and are open toward the second side. The mesh of trenches are in the plate and are open toward the first side. The x-ray-absorbing material is in the mesh of trenches. The mesh of trenches and arrangement of depressions are configured so that a wall of the plate remains between the arrangement of depressions and the mesh of trenches.

A shielding mesh to counter scattered ionizing radiation is provided. The shielding mesh includes a plate, arrangement of depressions, a mesh of trenches, and an x-ray-absorbing material. The plate has a first side and a second side opposite the first side. The arrangement of depressions are in the plate and are open toward the second side. The mesh of trenches are in the plate and are open toward the first side. The x-ray-absorbing material is in the mesh of trenches. The mesh of trenches and arrangement of depressions are configured so that a wall of the plate remains between the arrangement of depressions and the mesh of trenches.

A method for manufacturing an optical metasurface is configured to operate in a given working spectral band. The method comprises: obtaining a 2D array of patterns, each comprising one or more nanostructures forming dielectric elements that are resonant in said working spectral band, said nanostructures being formed in at least one photosensitive dielectric medium; exposing said 2D array to a writing electromagnetic wave having at least one wavelength in said photosensitivity spectral band, said writing wave having a spatial energy distribution in a plane of the 2D array that is a function of an intended phase profile, so that each pattern of the 2D array produces on an incident electromagnetic wave having a wavelength in the working spectral band, a phase variation corresponding to a refractive index variation experienced by said pattern during said exposure.

A lithium borosilicate composition, consisting essentially of a system of lithium oxide in combination with silicon oxide and boron oxide, wherein said lithium borosilicate comprises between 70-83 atomic % lithium based on the combined atomic percentages of lithium, boron and silicon, and wherein said lithium borosilicate is a glass, is disclosed.

Glass articles including one or more 3D printed surface features attached to a surface of a substrate at a contact interface between the 3D printed surface feature and the surface. The 3D printed surface feature(s) include a glass or a glass-ceramic, a compressive stress region at an exterior perimeter surface of the 3D printed surface feature(s), and a central tension region interior of the compressive stress region. The 3D printed surface feature(s) may be formed of a contiguous preformed material 3D printed on a surface of a substrate. The compressive stress region of a 3D printed surface feature may be formed using an ion-exchange process.

Lithium silicate materials are described which can be easily processed by machining to dental products without undue wear of the tools.

Lithium silicate materials are described which can be easily processed by machining to dental products without undue wear of the tools.

A glass article includes a glass core layer and a glass cladding layer adjacent to the core layer. A coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) of the core layer is greater than a CTE of the cladding layer. The core layer has a tensile stress, and the cladding layer has a compressive stress. A retained strength of the glass article is a strength determined after abrasion of an outer surface of the glass article with 1 mL of 90 grit SiC particles for 5 seconds at an abrasion pressure, and a ratio of the retained strength at an abrasion pressure of 25 psi to the retained strength at an abrasion pressure of 5 psi is at least about 0.3.

Lithium silicate materials are described which can be easily processed by machining to dental products without undue wear of the tools.