A strengthened glass has a mirror constant A of 1.97 MPa.Math.m.sup.0.5 or less, a surface compressive stress (CS) of 10 MPa or more. A product (tCS) of a sheet thickness t (unit: mm) and the CS (unit: MPa) is less than 230. The strengthened glass may have a fictive temperature at a central portion in a sheet thickness t direction of not lower than a glass transition temperature Tg and Tg+100 C. or lower.

A stress-engineered frangible structure includes multiple discrete glass members interconnected by inter-structure bonds to form a complex structural shape. Each glass member includes strengthened (i.e., by way of stress-engineering) glass material portions that are configured to transmit propagating fracture forces throughout the glass member. Each inter-structure bond includes a bonding member (e.g., glass-frit or adhesive) connected to weaker (e.g., untreated, unstrengthened, etched, or thinner) glass member region(s) disposed on one or both interconnected glass members that function to reliably transfer propagating fracture forces from one glass member to other glass member. An optional trigger mechanism generates an initial fracture force in a first (most-upstream) glass member, and the resulting propagating fracture forces are transferred by way of inter-structure bonds to all downstream glass members. One-way crack propagation is achieved by providing a weaker member region only on the downstream side of each inter-structure bond.

A glass plate includes a main surface, and a microscopic asperity surface disposed on the main surface, the microscopic asperity surface forming peaks and valleys. When a reference plane is defined as a plane at a center, in a direction of height, of an interval of highest frequency in a histogram of height of shape data of a square region having 2 m per side in the microscopic asperity surface, the number of peaks that are higher than the reference plane by 20% or more of a maximum height difference in the square region is in a range between 1 or more and 300 or less.

A method of chemically strengthening a glass. The method includes heating an ion exchange solution to a temperature less than about 360 C., and contacting the glass and the strengthening solution at the temperature for a duration from about 0.5 hours to about 24 hours. The ion exchange solution includes a primary nitrate and at least one monovalent or divalent cation nitrate component in an amount from about 1 wt. % to about 10 wt. %.

Disclosed devices include a liquid crystal layer and a cover glass comprising at least one major surface having a depleted or enriched surface layer. Methods for reducing mura in a touch-display device are also disclosed.

A lightweight composite pane is provided that includes a mineral glass or glass-ceramic pane and an organic layer. The weight per unit area of the lightweight composite pane is in the range from 0.5 kg/m.sup.2 to 5.5 kg/m.sup.2, the ratio of the thickness of the mineral glass pane to the thickness of the organic layer is 1:0.01 to 1:1, and the thickness of the organic layer is less than or equal to 500 m. The lightweight composite pane meets the thermal safety requirements of aerospace authorities and has a Total Heat Release, measured in compliance with JAR/FAR/CS 25, App. F, Part IV & AITM 2.0006, of less than 65 kWmin/m.sup.2 and a flame time, after removal of the flame in the Vertical Bunsen Burner Test, measured in compliance with FAR/JAR/CS 25, App. F, Part 1 & AITM 2.0002A, is less than 15 seconds.

A glass-ceramic includes glass and crystalline phases, where the crystalline phase includes non-stoichiometric suboxides of titanium, forming bronze-type solid state defect structures in which vacancies are occupied with dopant cations.

A compressed skins-tensioned core structure includes a first surface region; a second surface region; a core between the first surface region and the second surface region; a first transition region continuous with the first surface region at a side, and continuous with the core at another side; and a second transition region continuous with the core at a side, and continuous with the second surface region at another side, wherein each of the first surface region, the second surface region, the core, the first transition region and the second transition region is formed of a substantially homogeneous amorphous material; each of the first surface region and the second surface region exhibits an internal compressive stress, the core exhibits an internal tensile stress, and each of the first transition region and the second transition region exhibits a stress gradient from the internal compressive stress to the internal tensile stress.

The present disclosure pertains to apparatuses that securely hold articles, and more specifically, to apparatuses that securely hold glass articles such as pharmaceutical vials during various stages of ion-exchange processing.

An object of the present invention is to provide a chemically strengthened glass plate that is chemically strengthened and thereby increased in strength in its entirety, a portable information terminal using the chemically strengthened glass plate, and a manufacturing method of the a chemically strengthened glass plate. The chemically strengthened glass plate and the manufacturing method thereof according to the present invention is suitable for use in fields of portable information terminals, substrates, etc. in which glass plates having high resistance to impact are required.