A glass sheet accommodating jig (1) accommodates a plurality of glass sheets (2) under a state in which the plurality of glass sheets (2) are arranged upright at intervals in a thickness direction in order to immerse the plurality of glass sheets (2) in a chemical tempering liquid. The glass sheet accommodating jig (1) includes a string-shaped body (7) being formed of at least one metal fiber. An end portion (2a) of the glass sheet (2) is supported by a V-shaped recess (7c) formed by intersection of a pair of string-shaped bodies (7a and 7b).

An object is to provide a glass for chemical toughening treatment satisfying low brittleness, low melt viscosity and high chemical toughening characteristics, and a chemically toughened glass using the same. Provided is a glass for chemical toughening treatment containing, in mass % in terms of oxides, SiO.sub.2 63 to 76, B.sub.2O.sub.3 0 to 2, Al.sub.2O.sub.3 2 to 10, MgO 2 to 12, CaO 0.1 to 8, Na.sub.2O 14.5 to 19, K.sub.2O 0 to 3, and Fe.sub.2O.sub.3 0 to 0.5, satisfying a total content of alkali earth metal oxides (RO) being from 5 to 15, satisfying 15MgO/RORO3, and having a temperature T.sub.2 at which a glass viscosity reaches 10.sup.2 dPa.Math.s being 1,600 C. or lower.

Computer-implemented methods and apparatus are provided for predicting/estimating (i) a non-equilibrium viscosity for at least one given time point in a given temperature profile for a given glass composition, (ii) at least one temperature profile that will provide a given non-equilibrium viscosity for a given glass composition, or (iii) at least one glass composition that will provide a given non-equilibrium viscosity for a given time point in a given temperature profile. The methods and apparatus can be used to predict/estimate stress relaxation in a glass article during forming as well as compaction, stress relaxation, and/or thermal sag or thermal creep of a glass article when the article is subjected to one or more post-forming thermal treatments.

Embodiments of the present invention provide a method for finishing a glass product including a glass layer, the glass layer comprising boron. The method includes the step of cleaning the glass layer in order to remove boron at least at the surface of the glass layer. The step of cleaning includes the substep of esterification using a medium comprising an alcohol.

Computer-implemented methods and apparatus are provided for predicting/estimating (i) a non-equilibrium viscosity for at least one given time point in a given temperature profile for a given glass composition, (ii) at least one temperature profile that will provide a given non-equilibrium viscosity for a given glass composition, or (iii) at least one glass composition that will provide a given non-equilibrium viscosity for a given time point in a given temperature profile. The methods and apparatus can be used to predict/estimate stress relaxation in a glass article during forming as well as compaction, stress relaxation, and/or thermal sag or thermal creep of a glass article when the article is subjected to one or more post-forming thermal treatments.

A glass comprising 62.5-68 mol. % SiO.sub.2; 9.5-16 mol. % Al.sub.2O.sub.3; 12-16 mol. % MgO; 8-11.2 mol. % Li.sub.2O; and less than 0.6 mol. % ZrO.sub.2; wherein R.sub.2O/Al.sub.2O.sub.3 is at least 0.8, amounts are in mol. %, and R.sub.2O is a total amount of Li.sub.2O, Na.sub.2O, K.sub.2O, Rb.sub.2O, and Cs.sub.2O in the glass. A glass-based article comprising a compressive stress layer extending from a surface of the glass-based article to a depth of compression; a central tension region; and a composition at a center of the glass-based article comprising the glass. A method for ion-exchanging a glass-based substrate, the method comprising ion-exchanging the glass-based substrate in a first molten salt bath to form a glass-based article wherein the glass-based article comprises a compressive stress layer extending from a surface of the glass-based article to a depth of compression, the glass-based article comprises a central tension region, and the glass-based substrate comprises the glass.

A glass plate strengthening device includes: a work furnace including a preheating furnace, and a strengthening furnace below the preheating furnace; a transport module configured to transport a glass plate between the preheating furnace and the strengthening furnace in the work furnace; a separator between the preheating furnace and the strengthening furnace, configured to enter and exit the work furnace, and configured to separate or integrate the preheating furnace and the strengthening furnace during entering and exiting; a door module including a door part on a side wall of the work furnace, and configured to provide an entrance space through the door part during the entering and exiting of the separator; and a shield coupled to an outer wall of the work furnace to be adjacent to the door module, and configured to block the entrance space from an external space.

One or more glass articles include an aluminum oxide containing silicate glass matrix. The glass matrix has less than 1 SiO.sub.2-enriched glassy sphere of compositional inhomogeneities per 15 g of glass.

A glass-ceramic includes glass and crystalline phases, where the crystalline phase includes non-stoichiometric suboxides of titanium, forming bronze-type solid state defect structures in which vacancies are occupied with dopant cations.