The present invention relates to a glass substrate including a pair of main surfaces and an end surface, and having a surface layer diffusion Sn atom concentration of 2.0?10.sup.18 atomic/cm.sup.3 or more and 1.4?10.sup.19 atomic/cm.sup.3 or less in at least one of the main surfaces, the surface layer diffusion Sn atom concentration being obtained by subtracting an Sn atom concentration of an inside of the glass substrate from an Sn atom concentration of a surface layer of the glass substrate, in which the Sn atom concentration of a surface layer of the glass substrate is defined as an Sn atom concentration at a depth of 0.1 to 0.3 ?m from the main surface and the Sn atom concentration of an inside of the glass substrate is defined as an Sn atom concentration at a depth of 9.0 to 9.2 ?m from the main surface.

A copper dopant delivery powder comprising a fused silica powder and a Cu.sub.2S powder. A method of making the copper dopant delivery powder. A method of making a copper-doped glass comprising placing a target glass in a container, packing a composite SiO.CuS dopant powder around the target glass and heating the container and SiO.CuS dopant powder to a temperature of between 800 C. and 1150 C. A copper-doped glass comprising a glass comprising copper-doping wherein the copper-doped glass was formed by covering the glass with a fused silica powder and a Cu.sub.2S powder, wherein the fused silica powder and the Cu.sub.2S powder are mixed in varying ratios of Cu.sub.2S to silica represented by the formula (SiO.sub.2).sub.(1-x)(Cu.sub.2S).sub.x and heating to a temperature of between 800 C. and 1150 C.

This chemically tempered glass is manufactured by preparing a slurry or paste including a salt solution of a second ion to undergo ion exchange with a first ion inside a glass, applying the slurry or the paste onto the surface of the glass to form a coating film, drying the coating film formed of the slurry or the paste on the surface of the glass, differently forming the distribution of the precipitation phase of a salt of the second ion on the surface of the glass, and heat-treating the glass on which the coating film is formed, to thereby form visual internal roughness which is provided between a first surface and a second surface of the glass, which face each other, to induce the diffuse reflection and/or scattering of light traveling through the first surface or the second surface.

A synthetic quartz glass lid for use in optical device packages is prepared by furnishing a synthetic quartz glass lid precursor comprising a synthetic quartz glass substrate (1) and a metal or metal compound film (2), and forming a metal base adhesive layer (3) on the metal or metal compound film (2). The metal or metal compound film contains Ag, Bi, and at least one element selected from P, Sb, Sn and In.

The invention relates to a method for producing a bird protection device and to a bird protection device. According to the invention, a method for producing a bird protection device is proposed, wherein the bird protection device is made of an at least partially transparent material and contains an optical structure visible to a bird's eye. Here, the method comprises a radiation input, wherein the radiation input is implemented on and/or in the partially transparent material for forming the optical structure. The radiation input is preferably laser radiation. Suitable lasers for the radiation input are, for example, CO2 lasers with a wavelength of 1064 nm, picosecond lasers with a wavelength of 532 nm or nanosecond lasers with a wavelength of 532 nm. In one embodiment of the invention, the bird protection device furthermore comprises an element for increasing the contrast, wherein, for forming the optical structure, the radiation input is implemented on and/or in the element for increasing the contrast.

The present invention relates to a glass substrate including a pair of main surfaces and an end surface, and having a surface layer diffusion Sn atom concentration of 2.0?10.sup.18 atomic/cm.sup.3 or more and 1.4?10.sup.19 atomic/cm.sup.3 or less in at least one of the main surfaces, the surface layer diffusion Sn atom concentration being obtained by subtracting an Sn atom concentration of an inside of the glass substrate from an Sn atom concentration of a surface layer of the glass substrate, in which the Sn atom concentration of a surface layer of the glass substrate is defined as an Sn atom concentration at a depth of 0.1 to 0.3 ?m from the main surface and the Sn atom concentration of an inside of the glass substrate is defined as an Sn atom concentration at a depth of 9.0 to 9.2 ?m from the main surface.

An electronically active glass has the composition (T.sub.xO.sub.y).sub.z-(M.sub.uO.sub.v).sub.w(Na/LiBO.sub.2).sub.t wherein T is a transition metal selected from V and Mo, M is a metal selected from Ni, Co, Na, Al, Mn, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ti and mixtures thereof, x, y, u, and v are the stoichiometric coefficients resulting in a neutral compound, i.e. x=2y/(oxidation state of T) and u=2v/(oxidation state of M), z, w and t are weight-%, wherein z is 70-80, w is 0-20 t is 10-30, and the sum of z, w and t is 100 weight-%, in particular V.sub.2O.sub.5LiBO.sub.2 and V.sub.2O.sub.5NiOLiBO.sub.2.

The present invention is devised to solve the problems of the above-described conventional technologies. The purpose of the present invention is to provide a tempered glass cutting method and cutting apparatus which can prevent the defects of the tempered glass breaking when same is cut and improve the reliability of the product. To this end, provided is a tempered glass cutting method which comprises: a tempering step of generating compressive stress on a glass sheet to temper the glass sheet; a compressive stress relaxation step of applying heat to the cut portion of the tempered glass sheet to relax the compressive stress; and a cutting step of cutting the cut portion.

Asymmetrically strengthened glass articles, methods for producing the same, and use of the articles in portable electronic device is disclosed. Using a budgeted amount of compressive stress and tensile stress, asymmetric chemical strengthening is optimized for the utility of a glass article. In some aspects, the strengthened glass article can be designed for reduced damage, or damage propagation, when dropped.

The invention relates to a method for producing a coated, chemically prestressed glass substrate having anti-fingerprint properties. The method includes: applying at least one functional layer to a glass substrate; chemically prestressing the coated glass substrate by an ion exchange, where existing smaller alkali metal ions are exchanged for larger alkali metal ions, and are enriched in the glass substrate and the at least one functional layer; activating the surface of the at least one functional layer, where if more than one functional layer is present the surface of the outermost or uppermost layer is activated, the activating including one of several alternatives; and applying an amphiphobic coating to the at least one functional layer of the glass substrate, where, as a result of the activation process, the functional layer interacts with the amphiphobic coating.