A manufacturing method of a glass panel for a glass panel unit includes a melting step, a spreading step, an annealing step, a cutting step, and a spacer disposition step. The spacer disposition step is a step of disposing spacers onto a glass sheet and is performed by a spacer disposition device prior to the cutting step.

A manufacturing method of a glass panel for a glass panel unit includes a melting step, a spreading step, an annealing step, a cutting step, and a spacer disposition step. The spacer disposition step is a step of disposing spacers onto a glass sheet and is performed by a spacer disposition device prior to the cutting step.

A method for bonding a solid electrolyte layer and electrodes used a fuel cell includes: laminating the solid electrolyte layer and the electrodes so that the electrodes sandwich the solid electrolyte layer therebetween; applying a first voltage of a first polarity between the electrodes sandwiching the solid electrolyte layer; and applying a second voltage of a second polarity that is the reverse of the first polarity between the electrodes sandwiching the solid electrolyte layer.

Provided is a glass cell in which the thickness of the interior space has high uniformity. A glass cell (1) includes first and second glass sheets (11, 12) and an intermediate sheet (13). The first and second glass sheets (11, 12) are disposed to face each other at a distance. The intermediate sheet (13) is disposed between the first glass sheet (11) and the second glass sheet (12). The intermediate sheet (13) includes an opening (13a). A surface of the intermediate sheet (13) next to the first glass sheet (11) or a surface of the first glass sheet (11) next to the intermediate sheet (13) is made of metal and a surface of the intermediate sheet (13) next to the second glass sheet (12) or a surface of the second glass sheet (12) next to the intermediate sheet (13) is made of metal. One of both surface layers of the intermediate sheet (13) and the first glass sheet (11) are anodically bonded together and the other surface layer of the intermediate sheet (13) and the second glass sheet (12) are anodically bonded together.

Provided is a glass cell in which the thickness of the interior space has high uniformity. A glass cell (1) includes first and second glass sheets (11, 12) and an intermediate sheet (13). The first and second glass sheets (11, 12) are disposed to face each other at a distance. The intermediate sheet (13) is disposed between the first glass sheet (11) and the second glass sheet (12). The intermediate sheet (13) includes an opening (13a). A surface of the intermediate sheet (13) next to the first glass sheet (11) or a surface of the first glass sheet (11) next to the intermediate sheet (13) is made of metal and a surface of the intermediate sheet (13) next to the second glass sheet (12) or a surface of the second glass sheet (12) next to the intermediate sheet (13) is made of metal. One of both surface layers of the intermediate sheet (13) and the first glass sheet (11) are anodically bonded together and the other surface layer of the intermediate sheet (13) and the second glass sheet (12) are anodically bonded together.

An article including a glass having that includes SiO.sub.2, Al.sub.2O.sub.3, and B.sub.2O.sub.3 and least one of Li.sub.2O, Na.sub.2O, K.sub.2O, MgO, CaO, SrO, BaO, SnO.sub.2, ZnO, La.sub.2O.sub.3, F, and Fe.sub.2O.sub.3, wherein the glass includes a dielectric constant of about 10 or less and/or a loss tangent of about 0.01 or less, both as measured with signals at 10 GHz.

A glass-metal feedthrough includes: an external conductor including steel, having a coefficient of expansion α.sub.external, and having an opening formed therein; an internal conductor disposed in the opening, the internal conductor including steel and having a coefficient of expansion α.sub.internal. The external conductor and the internal conductor are configured to not release nickel when in contact with a human or animal body or biological cells of a cell culture. A glass material surrounds the internal conductor within the opening and has a coefficient of expansion α.sub.glass. The coefficient of expansion α.sub.external of the external conductor and the coefficient of expansion α.sub.internal of the internal conductor both are greater than the coefficient of expansion α.sub.glass of the glass material.

A glass-metal feedthrough includes: an external conductor including steel, having a coefficient of expansion α.sub.external, and having an opening formed therein; an internal conductor disposed in the opening, the internal conductor including steel and having a coefficient of expansion α.sub.internal. The external conductor and the internal conductor are configured to not release nickel when in contact with a human or animal body or biological cells of a cell culture. A glass material surrounds the internal conductor within the opening and has a coefficient of expansion α.sub.glass. The coefficient of expansion α.sub.external of the external conductor and the coefficient of expansion α.sub.internal of the internal conductor both are greater than the coefficient of expansion α.sub.glass of the glass material.

A method of processing a glass laminate substrate includes carrying a glass laminate substrate including a glass substrate on a metal substrate to a processing location; radiating a laser onto the metal substrate through the glass substrate; and cooling a portion of the glass substrate, through which the laser is radiated, such that the glass substrate is cut at the portion through which the laser is radiated. When methods of processing and cutting a glass laminate substrate and an apparatus for processing a glass laminate substrate, according to embodiments, are used, a glass laminate substrate having high edge strength after cutting may be produced.

A glass-metal feedthrough includes: an external conductor having a coefficient of expansion α.sub.external, and having an opening formed therein; an internal conductor disposed in the opening, the internal conductor including iron and having a coefficient of expansion α.sub.internal, the external conductor and the internal conductor being configured to not release nickel when in contact with a human or animal body or biological cells of a cell culture; and a glass material surrounding the internal conductor within the opening and having a coefficient of expansion α.sub.glass, the coefficient of expansion of the internal conductor α.sub.internal and the coefficient of expansion of the external conductor α.sub.external are such that a joint pressure on the internal conductor of at least 30 MPa is generated in a temperature range of 20° C. to a glass transformation temperature of the glass material.