Aspects of this disclosure pertain to a colorless material that includes a carrier, copper-containing particles, and quaternary ammonium. In one or more embodiments, the material exhibits, in the CIE L*a*b* system, an L* value in the range from about 91 to about 100, and a C* value of less than about 7, wherein C* equals (a*.sup.2+b*.sup.2). In some embodiments, the material exhibits a greater than 3 log reduction in a concentration of Staphylococcus aureus, under the EPA Test Method for Efficacy of Copper Alloy as a Sanitizer testing conditions.

A dental bulk block for machining, which is a glass-ceramic block including a crystalline phase in an amorphous glass matrix. The bulk block is a functionally graded material including crystalline phases where among the crystalline phases, a main crystalline phase is lithium disilicate, and an additional crystalline phase includes quartz, lithium phosphate, and at least one selected from among cristobalite and tridymite, in which the main crystalline phase has a size gradient with respect to a depth, and no interface is present at a point where a size gradient value of the main crystalline phase changes. Thus, the bulk block is useful in manufacturing artificial tooth prostheses that are similar to natural teeth and thus can not only reduce the time and processes for manufacturing artificial tooth prostheses but also obtain the effect of enhancing structural stability in terms of force distribution based on functionally graded mechanical characteristics.

A quartz glass provides an opaque quartz glass having high light-shielding property, excellent mechanical strength and excellent cleaning resistance against hydrofluoric acid. By setting the maximum width of the amorphous bubbles existing in the opaque quartz glass to an average of 3 to 15 m and the density to 2.15 g/cm.sup.3 or more, the mechanical strength after baking and the cleaning resistance by hydrofluoric acid are improved. The opaque quartz glass has a whiteness at a thickness of 10 mm of 75 to 90%, the reflectance of light with a wavelength of 0.24 to 2.6 m at a thickness of 4 mm is 60 to 85%, and the bending strength after baking is 95 MPa. In addition, a foaming agent may be mixed in the opaque quartz glass. An opaque quartz glass having cleaning resistance against acid can be obtained.

Glasses that can be chemically strengthened and are colored by transition metals. Most of the glasses are black, with some having high damage resistance and compressive surface layers having high compressive stress and depth of layer after ion exchange. These colored glasses do not require a post-forming heat treatment to produce color and are formable by fusions drawing, rolling, slot drawing, and float glass processes.

A 3D glass-ceramic, characterized in that the crystallinity of the 3D glass-ceramic is 14-100 wt %; the average particle size of the crystals of the 3D glass-ceramic is 10-100 nm; and the thickness of the glass-ceramic is 0.02-5 mm. The preparation method for the 3D glass-ceramic of the present invention has low processing difficulty and low processing costs. The 3D hot bending crystallization time is much shorter than the conventional crystallization time; time is reduced, and the energy for heat treatment is also reduced.

A glass composition includes: greater than or equal to 24 mol % and less than or equal to 60 mol % SiO.sub.2; greater than or equal to 23 mol % and less than or equal to 35 mol % Al.sub.2O.sub.3; greater than or equal to 3.5 mol % and less than or equal to 35 mol % B.sub.2O.sub.3; greater than 0 mol % and less than or equal to 20 mol % Li.sub.2O; greater than or equal to 0 mol % and less than or equal to 10 mol % Na.sub.2O; and greater than or equal to 0 mol % and less than or equal to 3 mol % K.sub.2O. The sum of Li.sub.2O, Na.sub.2O, and K.sub.2O (i.e., R.sub.2O) in the glass composition may be greater than or equal to 12 mol % and less than or equal to 20 mol %.

A method for manufacturing a motor vehicle roof incorporating a glazing, in which at least one opacifying layer of ink(s), in particular at least one layer of colored ink(s), is applied by digital printing, in particular by inkjet, over at least 40% of the surface of one of the faces of at least one glass sheet, such that the composition of said ink(s) includes at least one glass frit, and where applicable one or more inorganic pigment(s), with a D90 value for the particle size distribution of less than 2 m, and such that the ink(s) have a viscosity of between 1 and 50 mPa.Math.s, the ink(s) further including a non-stick agent and/or a non-stick component and/or at least one non-stick agent and/or at least one non-stick layer being further applied to at least one layer of ink(s) and/or to at least one glass sheet.

A white glass container derived from a phase separation phenomenon of a halogen-free glass composition includes a neck portion and a body portion. The glass composition includes as ingredients at least SiO.sub.2, P.sub.2O.sub.5, Al.sub.2O.sub.3, B.sub.2O.sub.3, R.sub.2O (RNa or K), MgO, CaO and the like. The neck portion and the body portion respectively have a white multilayer structure formed to successively include a white transparent layer of relatively low white coloration and a white opaque layer of relatively high white coloration from the outer surface side. The contents of P.sub.2O.sub.5 in the white transparent layer are made smaller than the contents of P.sub.2O.sub.5 in the white opaque layer.

Borosilicate glasses are disclosed having (in weight %) 66-76% SiO.sub.2, 0-8% Al.sub.2O.sub.3, 10-18% B.sub.2O.sub.3, 0-4% Li.sub.2O, 0-12% Na.sub.2O, 0-12% K.sub.2O, 1-1.5% Ag, 1.5-2.5% Cl.sup. and 0.01-0.06% of a summed amount of CuO and NiO, wherein the glass composition is bleachable upon exposure to ultraviolet irradiation from a stable state color or shade to a lighter color or shade. Such reverse photochromic borosilicate glass compositions may be thermally darkenable. The borosilicate glasses may be strengthened via ion-exchange strengthening treatment. The borosilicate glasses may retain their reverse photochromic and thermally darkenable properties even after ion-exchange strengthening treatment.

Disclosed herein are glass-ceramics having crystalline phases including -spodumene ss and either (i) pseudobrookite or (ii) vanadium or vanadium containing compounds so as to be colored and opaque glass-ceramics having coordinates, determined from total reflectancespecular includedmeasurements, in the CIELAB color space of the following ranges: L*=from about 20 to about 45; a*=from about 2 to about +2; and b*=from about 12 to about +1. Such CIELAB color space coordinates can be substantially uniform throughout the glass-ceramics. In each of the proceeding, -quartz ss can be substantially absent from the crystalline phases. If present, -quartz ss can be less than about 20 wt % or, alternatively, less than about 15 wt % of the crystalline phases. Also Further crystalline phases might include spinel ss (e.g., hercynite and/or gahnite-hercynite ss), rutile, magnesium zinc phosphate, or spinel ss (e.g., hercynite and/or gahnite-hercynite ss) and rutile.