A glass lining that has an excellent balance between a hydrophilic property and a hydrophobic property on its surface, that has less adhesion of dirt than a typical GL since having an excellent stain-proof property against both oily stains and aqueous stains, and that can maintain the stain-proof property and the self-cleaning performance for a long time after the glass lining is cleaned, leading to excellent cleaning performance and low dirt-adhesion. The glass lining includes a lining and a conductive inorganic compound contained in the lining. The glass lining is structured to have a plurality of hydrophilic concave portions and net-like hydrophobic convex portions connecting peripheries of the plurality of hydrophilic concave portions.

A ceramic composition for coating metallic surfaces, a method and a resulting ceramic layer, which layer refers to a ceramic composition which, after deposition, is subjected to a thermal treatment to generate a ceramic layer. The resulting ceramic layer displays, among other characteristics, appropriate adhesion to the metallic surface and remains stable at temperatures between 750 C. and 950 C.

A coating composition may include a glass frit including Phosphorus Oxide (P.sub.2O.sub.5), Silicon Oxide (SiO.sub.2), Boron Oxide (B.sub.2O.sub.3), a group I-based metal oxide, Barium Oxide (BaO), Sodium Fluoride (NaF), Titanium Oxide (TiO2), Stannous Oxide (SnO), Zinc Oxide (ZnO), and an adhesion enhancement component. The P.sub.2O.sub.5 may be included by about 40 wt % to about 55 wt % based on a total weight of the glass frit. The SiO.sub.2 may be included by about 5 wt % to about 15 wt % based on the total weight of the glass frit. The B.sub.2O.sub.3 may be included by about 5 wt % to about 10 wt % based on the total weight of the glass frit. The group I-based metal oxide may be included by about 3 wt % to about 10 wt % based on the total weight of the glass frit. The ZnO may be included by about 10 wt % to about 25 wt % based on the total weight of the glass frit, and the TiO.sub.2 may be included by about 0.1 wt % to about 5 wt % based on the total weight of the glass frit.

An enamel composition, a method for preparing an enamel composition, and a cooking appliance are provided. The enamel composition may include 15 to 50 wt % of silicon dioxide (SiO.sub.2); 1 to 10 wt % of boron oxide (B.sub.2O.sub.3); 10 to 20 wt % of at least one of lithium oxide (Li.sub.2O), sodium oxide (Na.sub.2O), or potassium oxide (K.sub.2O); 1 to 5 wt % of sodium fluoride (NaF); 1 to 10 wt % of zinc oxide (ZnO); and 20 to 50 wt % of at least one of titanium dioxide (TiO.sub.2), molybdenum oxide (MoO.sub.3), bismuth oxide (Bi.sub.2O.sub.3), cerium dioxide (CeO.sub.2), manganese dioxide (MnO.sub.2), or Iron oxide (Fe.sub.2O.sub.3), which provides an enamel composition with a reduced cleaning time, and facilitates cleaning without soaking in water.

A scaling resistant ceramic glaze and a functional overglaze for Q345 hot rolled alloy steel double sided enameling. The components and the weight percentage of each component of the ground glaze of the enamel are as follows: 3-6% of Al.sub.2O.sub.3, 60-70% of SiO.sub.2; 10-15% of B.sub.2O.sub.3, 10-15% of Na.sub.2O+K.sub.2O+Li.sub.2O, 3-6% of CaF.sub.2, 3-6% of ZrO.sub.2, 2-5% of CoO+NiO, 1-3% of BaMoO.sub.4+Sb.sub.2O.sub.3, 0.3-1.5 of WO.sub.3. The ground glaze is prepared by formulating chemical raw materials in a weight ratio converted by the described chemical composition, stirring thoroughly and mixing uniformly, melting same in a rotary furnace at 1200-1350 C., and then quenching the melt. The provided scaling resistant ceramic glaze and functional overglaze for Q345 hot rolled alloy steel double sided enameling can be applied to Q345 steel that contains C, P, S and the like which are considered harmful elements and contains a variety of common alloy elements.

Novel formulations of inorganic, chemically bonded, phosphate alumino silicate sprayable coatings are disclosed. The disclosed coatings retain all the positive attributes of similar coatings disclosed in recent patents on corrosion and fire protection, and in addition, provide, superior surface toughness and smoothness, better abrasion and acid resistance, less erosion and longer durability with zero flame-spread coatings on wood surfaces. Being pore-free, water cannot penetrate into these coatings. Unlike the previous inorganic oxide-based phosphate coatings, the glassy phase in these coatings provides a translucent and dense surface. The component pastes are smoother to pump, do not settle or harden during storage and transport, and in addition, do not exhibit pozzalinic properties.

A glass composition, a cooking appliance having a glass composition, and a method of forming a glass composition may include a glass frit including 15 wt. % to 50 wt. % silicon dioxide (SiO.sub.2), 10 wt. % to 30 wt. % of diboron trioxide (B.sub.2O.sub.3), 5 wt. % to 35 wt. % of zinc oxide (ZnO), and 10 wt. % to 30 wt. % of an I-group oxide. The glass frit may further include at least one of aluminum oxide (A1.sub.20.sub.3), zirconium dioxide (ZrO.sub.2), or titanium dioxide (TiO.sub.2) by about 0.1 wt. % to 5 wt. %; at least one of sodium fluoride (NaF) or aluminum trifluoride (AIF.sub.3) by about 1 wt. % to 5 wt. %; and at least one of cobalt(II) dicobalt(III) oxide (Co.sub.3O.sub.4), nickel(II) oxide (NiO), iron(III) oxide (Fe.sub.2O.sub.3), or manganese(IV) oxide (MnO.sub.2) by about 1 wt. % to 6 wt. %. The I-group oxide may include at least one of lithium oxide (Li.sub.2O), sodium oxide (Na.sub.2O), or potassium oxide (K.sub.2O).

The present invention relates to a substrate for flexible device. The substrate has a nickel-plated metal sheet having a nickel-plating layer formed on at least one surface of a metal sheet or a nickel-based sheet, and a glass layer of an electrically-insulating layered bismuth-based glass on a surface of the nickel-plating layer or the nickel-based sheet. An oxide layer having a roughened surface is formed on the surface of the nickel-plating layer or the surface of the nickel-based sheet, and the bismuth-based glass contains 70 to 84% by weight of Bi.sub.2O.sub.3, 10 to 12% by weight of ZnO, and 6 to 12% by weight of B.sub.2O.sub.3. This substrate for flexible device is excellent in moisture barrier properties and adhesion of the glass layer, and also in a surface smoothness since occurrence of seeding and cissing on the glass layer surface can be prevented or controlled effectively.

The present disclosure relates to a bonding glass which has improved water resistance and has a coefficient of thermal expansion (25-300) of from 14.Math.10.sup.6K.sup.1 to 17.Math.10.sup.6K.sup.1, comprising, in mol % on an oxide basis, 5-7 of B.sub.2O.sub.3, 10-14 of Al.sub.2O.sub.3, 36-43 of P.sub.2O.sub.5, 15-22 of Na.sub.2O, 12.5-20 of K.sub.2O, 2-6 of Bi.sub.2O.sub.3 and >0-6 of R oxide, where R oxide is an oxide selected from the group consisting of MnO.sub.2 and SiO.sub.2 and SnO.sub.2 and Ta.sub.2O.sub.5 and Nb.sub.2O.sub.5 and Fe.sub.2O.sub.3 and GeO.sub.2 and CaO. The bonding glass is free of PbO except for, at most, impurities. The bonding glass may have a glass transition temperature Tg of from 390 C. to 430 C. The present disclosure also relates to uses of this bonding glass.

An enamel composition, a method for preparing an enamel composition, and a cooking appliance are provided. The enamel composition may include 15 to 50 wt % of silicon dioxide (SiO.sub.2); 1 to 10 wt % of boron oxide (B.sub.2O.sub.3); 10 to 20 wt % of at least one of lithium oxide (Li.sub.2O), sodium oxide (Na.sub.2O), or potassium oxide (K.sub.2O); 1 to 5 wt % of sodium fluoride (NaF); 1 to 10 wt % of zinc oxide (ZnO); and 20 to 50 wt % of at least one of titanium dioxide (TiO.sub.2), molybdenum oxide (MoO.sub.3), bismuth oxide (Bi.sub.2O.sub.3), cerium dioxide (CeO.sub.2), manganese dioxide (MnO.sub.2), or Iron oxide (Fe.sub.2O.sub.3), which provides an enamel composition with a reduced cleaning time, and facilitates cleaning without soaking in water.