A sports helmet comprises a single-piece plastic shell, an occipital shock absorber attached to the inner surface of the shell in the rear region to at least partially overlie an occipital area of the head, an inflatable occipital pad removably attached to the inner surface of the shell in the rear region and positioned between the inner surface of the shell and the lateral padding assembly to push the occipital shock absorber forward when the occipital pad is inflated. The occipital pad comprises a top sheet and a bottom sheet bonded together, a plurality of inflatable pockets formed in the top sheet and fluidly connected through channels formed in the top sheet, a valve assembly for inflating the plurality of inflatable pockets, the valve assembly bonded to the bottom sheet. The valve assembly extends through a hole in the shell for inflation.

A helmet liner includes: (a) an open lattice body portion comprised of a polymer, the body portion having opposite face portions and a circumferential side portion; (b) a helmet contact surface portion formed on one of the face portions; and (c) a skin contact portion formed on the other of the face portions, the skin contact portion configured with the lattice body portion so air can circulate through both the body portion and the skin contact portion.

A modular helmet is described herein. The module helmet includes an inner shell adapted to be positioned onto a user's head and an outer shell coupled to the inner shell. The outer shell is spaced a distance radially outward from the inner shell to define a climatic zone between the inner shell and the outer shell. A cooling assembly is positioned within the climatic zone between the inner shell and the outer shell. The cooling assembly includes a plurality of cooling packets that are coupled to the outer shell.

A modular helmet is described herein. The module helmet includes an inner shell adapted to be positioned onto a user's head and an outer shell coupled to the inner shell. The outer shell is spaced a distance radially outward from the inner shell to define a climatic zone between the inner shell and the outer shell. A cooling assembly is positioned within the climatic zone between the inner shell and the outer shell. The cooling assembly includes a plurality of cooling packets that are coupled to the outer shell.

A hat, headband or helmet formed from a material (10) comprising first and second layers (11, 12) of material and a low friction interface (13) arranged between the layers to enable sliding of the first layer of material (11) relative to the second layer of material (12).

A hat, headband or helmet formed from a material (10) comprising first and second layers (11, 12) of material and a low friction interface (13) arranged between the layers to enable sliding of the first layer of material (11) relative to the second layer of material (12).

A safety integrated electrically powered vehicle (SIPV) apparatus comprising an electric vehicle further comprising at least an integrated safety control apparatus wherein the integrated safety control apparatus polls a plurality of sensors to detect current SIPV data related to safe use, a communication link to an integrated safety control apparatus to transmit a plurality of data representative of the current use of a SIPV, and receive from the SIPV system at least an instruction received from the integrated safety control apparatus via the communication link to direct a plurality of control units on the SIPV to modify current operation parameters to bring the SIPV back to a safe use.

A safety integrated electrically powered vehicle (SIPV) apparatus comprising an electric vehicle further comprising at least an integrated safety control apparatus wherein the integrated safety control apparatus polls a plurality of sensors to detect current SIPV data related to safe use, a communication link to an integrated safety control apparatus to transmit a plurality of data representative of the current use of a SIPV, and receive from the SIPV system at least an instruction received from the integrated safety control apparatus via the communication link to direct a plurality of control units on the SIPV to modify current operation parameters to bring the SIPV back to a safe use.

A guard to protect the neck of a person absorbs kinetic energy from an object that, if not for the guard, would strike the person's neck. The guard includes a body that has a material that deforms when an object strikes it, a shape configured to cover the posterior region of each of the cervical vertebrae of a person's spine when the guard is worn by a person to protect their neck, and a coupler to position and hold the body over the posterior region of each of the cervical vertebrae of a person's spine. The guard's body also includes a first region positioned above a person's first cervical vertebrae, when the guard is worn by a person to protect their neck, and a second region positioned above a person's last cervical vertebrae, when the guard is worn by a person to protect their neck.

A shock absorbing cap provides shock abortion in the space between the interior of a traditional safety helmet and the head of the wearer. The cap has a first region next to the scalp which is made of 100% knitted cotton for comfort and the absorption of sweat. A second region is made of 100% wool fleece braided fiber bundles that extend alternately in longitudinal and lateral directions sufficiently to nearly fill the space. The outermost region is made of one or more layers of braided 100% carbon fiber bundles, which run the opposite direction of the last wool lock. In an alternative, the first region is used but the second region completely fills the space with woven aramid and carbon fiber squares laid on top of each other and sewn together. The uppermost portion is laser cut for a tight but comfortable fit under the helmet.