The invention relates to a conversion material, in particular for a white or colored light source comprising a semiconductor light source as primary light source, comprising a matrix glass that, as bulk material, for a thickness d of about 1 mm, has a pure transmission .sub.i of greater than 80% in the wavelength region from 350 to 800 nm and in the region in which the primary light source emits light, wherein the sum of transmission and reflection of the sintered matrix glass without luminophore is at least greater than 80% in the spectral region from 350 nm to 800 nm and in the spectral region in which the primary light source emits light.

Methods for synthesizing fibers having nanoparticles therein are provided, as well as preforms and fibers incorporating nanoparticles. The nanoparticles may include one or more rare earth ions selected based on fluorescence at eye-safer wavelengths, surrounded by a low-phonon energy host. Nanoparticles that are not doped with rare earth ions may also be included as a co-dopant to help increase solubility of nanoparticles doped with rare earth ions in the silica matrix. The nanoparticles may be incorporated into a preform, which is then drawn to form fiber. The fibers may beneficially be incorporated into lasers and amplifiers that operate at eye safer wavelengths. Lasers and amplifiers incorporating the fibers may also beneficially exhibit reduced Stimulated Brillouin Scattering.

A composite material structure including a matrix material layer; and a plurality of one-dimensional nanostructure distributed in the matrix material layer and having an electrical conductivity which is greater than an electrical conductivity of the matrix material layer, wherein the plurality of one-dimensional nanostructures includes a first one-dimensional nanostructure and a second one-dimensional nanostructure in contact with each other.

In various embodiments, glassware is provided. The glassware may include a glass matrix having a surface, a first type of particles, and at least one second type of particles, wherein the particles of the second type have a higher refractive index than the particles of the first type, wherein the particles of the first type are completely surrounded by the glass matrix, such that the surface of the glass matrix is free of particles of the first type, and the particles of the second type are arranged above and/or between the particles of the first type at least partly in the glass matrix at the surface of the glass matrix in order to increase the refractive index of the glassware.

Methods for synthesizing fibers having nanoparticles therein are provided, as well as preforms and fibers incorporating nanoparticles. The nanoparticles may include one or more rare earth ions selected based on fluorescence at eye-safer wavelengths, surrounded by a low-phonon energy host. Nanoparticles that are not doped with rare earth ions may also be included as a co-dopant to help increase solubility of nanoparticles doped with rare earth ions in the silica matrix. The nanoparticles may be incorporated into a preform, which is then drawn to form fiber. The fibers may beneficially be incorporated into lasers and amplifiers that operate at eye safer wavelengths. Lasers and amplifiers incorporating the fibers may also beneficially exhibit reduced Stimulated Brillouin Scattering.

Provided is a very strong and transparent crystallized glass. This crystallized glass is characterized by containing, by oxide-equivalent mass %, 40.0-55.0% of a SiO2 component, 10.0-30.0% of an Al.sub.2O.sub.3 component, 10.0-30.0% of a MgO component, 5.0-15.0% of a TiO.sub.2 component, and more than 0% and up to 8.0% of a Na.sub.2O component, where the Vickers hardness (Hv) is 700 or higher and the spectral transmittance at 400 nm is 50% or higher with regard to a 1 mm-thick sample.

An electronically active glass has the composition (T.sub.xO.sub.y).sub.z-(M.sub.uO.sub.v).sub.w(Na/LiBO.sub.2).sub.t wherein T is a transition metal selected from V and Mo, M is a metal selected from Ni, Co, Na, Al, Mn, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ti and mixtures thereof, x, y, u, and v are the stoichiometric coefficients resulting in a neutral compound, i.e. x=2y/(oxidation state of T) and u=2v/(oxidation state of M), z, w and t are weight-%, wherein z is 70-80, w is 0-20 t is 10-30, and the sum of z, w and t is 100 weight-%, in particular V.sub.2O.sub.5LiBO.sub.2 and V.sub.2O.sub.5NiOLiBO.sub.2.

A glass-coated light-accumulating material having excellent water resistance and having excellent luminescence properties for a long time period, and an efficient method for producing such a glass-coated light-accumulating material are provided.

Disclosed are a glass-coated light-accumulating material formed by incorporating a metal aluminate salt as a light-accumulating material into a glass component including a zinc phosphate glass as a main component; and a method for producing such a glass-coated light-accumulating material, in which the zinc phosphate glass includes P.sub.2O.sub.5, ZnO, and R.sub.2O (wherein RNa or K) as main components, and the melting point of the zinc phosphate glass is adjusted to a value within the range of 600 C. to 900 C.

An object of the present invention is to provide a resistive composition that can form a thick film resistor excluding a toxic lead component from a conductive component and glass and having characteristics equivalent to or superior to conventional resistors in terms of, in a wide resistance range, resistance values, TCR characteristics, current noise characteristics, withstand voltage characteristics and the like. The resistive composition of the present invention includes: ruthenium-based conductive particles including ruthenium dioxide; a glass frit that is essentially free of a lead component; and an organic vehicle, wherein the glass frit is a glass frit which is constituted such that in a case where a fired product of a mixture of the glass frit and the ruthenium dioxide has in a range of 1 k/ to 1 M/, the fired product exhibits a temperature coefficient of resistance in a plus range.

The glass composites include glass frit, that when sintered produce a phosphor-containing layer, suitable for use in optical applications. The glass composites can include a crystallizing glass frit, such that phosphor crystals precipitate from the frit composite during sintering, or can include a non-crystallizing glass composition, such that phosphor is added to the frit composite before sintering. The sintering temperatures of the glass are relatively low so that fluorescence of the phosphors will not substantially degrade during sintering. The resulting phosphor-containing layer can be used in various optical applications including those for converting blue light into various color temperatures of white light.