Disclosed herein are methods for forming a graphene film on a substrate, the methods comprising depositing graphene on a surface of the substrate by a first vapor deposition step to form a discontinuous graphene crystal layer; depositing a graphene oxide layer on the discontinuous graphene crystal layer to form a composite layer; and depositing graphene on the composite layer by a second vapor deposition step, wherein the graphene oxide layer is substantially reduced to a graphene layer during the second vapor deposition step. Transparent coated substrates comprising such graphene films are also disclosed herein, wherein the graphene films have a resistance of less than about 10 K?/sq.

Provided is a window manufacturing method including providing a pattern glass having a first non-pattern part, a pattern part, and a second non-pattern part which are arranged in a first direction, forming a first part and a second part by providing a first resin onto a first surface of the first non-pattern part and a first surface of the second non-pattern part, forming first filling patterns by providing second resins to first grooves defined on a first surface of the pattern part, and forming a first pattern layer by providing a third resin onto the first surface of the pattern part to cover the first filling patterns, and the first filling patterns may be spaced apart from each other in the first direction.

In one aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided an antireflective coating composition comprising (a) hydrophilic spherical silica nanoparticles; (b) hydrophilic elongated silica nanoparticles, wherein the coating composition exhibits a pH-value in the range of from 7 to 12.5 and the ratio between the hydrophilic spherical silica nanoparticles (a) and the hydrophilic nonspherical silica nanoparticles (b) is in the range of from 10:1 to 1:10. In a further aspect of the present disclosure there is provided a method for coating a substrate, comprising the steps (i) providing a substrate having at least one surface; (ii) providing the antireflective coating composition according to the present disclosure; (iii) coating the substrate on at least one surface; (iv) drying the coating, thereby obtaining a coated substrate, wherein step (iv) is carried out at a temperature in the range of from 5 C. to 300 C.

This invention relates generally to articles, devices, and methods for inhibiting or preventing the formation of scale during various industrial processes. In certain embodiments, a vessel is provided for use in an industrial process, the vessel including a surface in contact with a mineral solution, wherein the surface is provided or is modified to have .sup.polar/.sup.total no greater than about 0.2 and/or the surface is provided or is modified to have a surface energy no greater than about 32 mJ/m.sup.2, thereby providing resistance to mineral scale deposits thereupon.

This disclosure features use of a paper or polymer film that includes a slip agent that can transfer to its surfaces. Once the paper or film is pressed against a glass sheet, this will leave a thin surface roughness of slip agent that can prevent or reduce glass surface scratches from other surfaces or particles during shipping or finishing (e.g., cutting to size, conveyance of glass), thereby improving the yield of glass shipments between glass forming plants and customers. The thin discontinuous layer of slip agent remaining on the glass surface can be washed off easily in subsequent washing processes. The paper or film can have the slip agent imbibed within the paper or coated on it as a surface member.

A transfer film is provided which includes a sacrificial template layer having a first surface and a second surface opposite the first surface, wherein the second surface comprises a non-planar structured surface and a thermally stable backfill layer applied to the second surface of the sacrificial template layer, wherein the backfill layer has a structured surface corresponding with and applied to the non-planar structured surface of the sacrificial template layer. The sacrificial template layer comprises oriented dimensionally anisotropic inorganic nanomaterials and is capable of being removed from the backfill layer while leaving the structured surface of the backfill layer and the oriented dimensionally anisotropic inorganic nanomaterials substantially intact.

This disclosure features use of a paper or polymer film that includes a slip agent that can transfer to its surfaces. Once the paper or film is pressed against a glass sheet, this will leave a thin surface roughness of slip agent that can prevent or reduce glass surface scratches from other surfaces or particles during shipping or finishing (e.g., cutting to size, conveyance of glass), thereby improving the yield of glass shipments between glass forming plants and customers. The thin discontinuous layer of slip agent remaining on the glass surface can be washed off easily in subsequent washing processes. The paper or film can have the slip agent imbibed within the paper or coated on it as a surface member.

A transfer film is provided which includes a sacrificial template layer having a first surface and a second surface opposite the first surface, wherein the second surface comprises a non-planar structured surface and a thermally stable backfill layer applied to the second surface of the sacrificial template layer, wherein the backfill layer has a structured surface corresponding with and applied to the non-planar structured surface of the sacrificial template layer. The sacrificial template layer comprises oriented dimensionally anisotropic inorganic nanomaterials and is capable of being removed from the backfill layer while leaving the structured surface of the backfill layer and the oriented dimensionally anisotropic inorganic nanomaterials substantially intact.