Disclosed are product (e.g., board), slurry, and methods relating to an uncooked starch that can be used to enhance strength in one or more gypsum layers in the board. The uncooked starch has a hot water viscosity of from about 20 BU to about 300 BU according to the HWVA method, and/or a mid-range peak viscosity of from about 120 Brabender Units to about 1000 Brabender Units.

Provided herein are compositions and methods of carbonation processing for the fabrication of cementitious materials and concrete products. Embodiments include manufacturing processes of a low-carbon concrete product comprising: forming a cementitious slurry including portlandite; shaping the cementitious slurry into a structural component; and exposing the structural component to a CO.sub.2 waste stream, thereby enabling manufacture of the low-carbon concrete product.

Provided herein are compositions and methods of carbonation processing for the fabrication of cementitious materials and concrete products. Embodiments include manufacturing processes of a low-carbon concrete product comprising: forming a cementitious slurry including portlandite; shaping the cementitious slurry into a structural component; and exposing the structural component to a CO.sub.2 waste stream, thereby enabling manufacture of the low-carbon concrete product.

Process for calcining mineral rock in a regenerative parallel-flow vertical shaft furnace, containing at least two shafts (1, 2) interconnected by a gas transfer channel (3), each shaft operating alternately in firing mode and in preheating mode, the firing mode comprising a combustion of fuel in the presence of air so as to obtain a firing of the rock to give calcined rock, an emission of combustion gases, and a passage of these gases from one shaft to the other by means of said channel (3), the preheating mode comprising a heat exchange between said rock and said combustion gases from said channel (3), this process additionally comprising an injection of supplementary air into said channel (3) with oxidation of unburnt products contained in the combustion gases passing through this channel.

Cement and concrete compositions are produced via metal hydroxides and metal oxides isolated from aqueous sources such as seawater or wastewater. Aqueous solutions are electrolyzed to produce an alkaline component stream having an elevated pH, which when mixed with mineralized seawater causes metal ions dissolved therein to precipitate out in the form of metal hydroxides such as Mg(OH).sub.2 and Ca(OH).sub.2. These metal hydroxide products are then utilized as feedstocks for production of cement and concrete structural elements, or are converted to metal oxides suitable for the same purpose. The hydroxide products are then subjected to pressure and prolonged exposure to carbon dioxide to accelerate carbonation of the hydrated product. The resulting carbonates exhibit sufficient compressive strength for use in making structural components for construction, while reducing or eliminating the carbon footprint associated with traditional methods of cement and concrete manufacturing. Excess demineralized alkaline component can be recycled for additional electrolysis, or returned to a neutral pH for use in water desalination processes or even returned to the environment.

Cement and concrete compositions are produced via metal hydroxides and metal oxides isolated from aqueous sources such as seawater or wastewater. Aqueous solutions are electrolyzed to produce an alkaline component stream having an elevated pH, which when mixed with mineralized seawater causes metal ions dissolved therein to precipitate out in the form of metal hydroxides such as Mg(OH).sub.2 and Ca(OH).sub.2. These metal hydroxide products are then utilized as feedstocks for production of cement and concrete structural elements, or are converted to metal oxides suitable for the same purpose. The hydroxide products are then subjected to pressure and prolonged exposure to carbon dioxide to accelerate carbonation of the hydrated product. The resulting carbonates exhibit sufficient compressive strength for use in making structural components for construction, while reducing or eliminating the carbon footprint associated with traditional methods of cement and concrete manufacturing. Excess demineralized alkaline component can be recycled for additional electrolysis, or returned to a neutral pH for use in water desalination processes or even returned to the environment.

A hydrated lime product exhibiting superior reactivity towards HCl and SO.sub.2 in air pollution control applications. Also disclosed is a method of providing highly reactive hydrated lime and the resultant lime hydrate where an initial lime feed comprising calcium and impurities is first ground to a particle-size distribution with relatively course particles. Smaller particles are then removed from this ground lime and the smaller particles are hydrated and flash dried to form a hydrated lime, which is then milled to a significantly smaller particle size than that of the relatively course particles. The resultant lime hydrate product has available CaOH of greater than 92%, a citric acid reactivity of less than 20 seconds, a BET surface area greater than 18, a D90 less than 10 m, a D50 less than 4 m, a D90/D50 less than 3, and a large pore volume of greater than 0.2 BJH.

A hydrated lime product exhibiting superior reactivity towards HCl and SO.sub.2 in air pollution control applications. Also disclosed is a method of providing highly reactive hydrated lime and the resultant lime hydrate where an initial lime feed comprising calcium and impurities is first ground to a particle-size distribution with relatively course particles. Smaller particles are then removed from this ground lime and the smaller particles are hydrated and flash dried to form a hydrated lime, which is then milled to a significantly smaller particle size than that of the relatively course particles. The resultant lime hydrate product has available CaOH of greater than 92%, a citric acid reactivity of less than 20 seconds, a BET surface area greater than 18, a D90 less than 10 m, a D50 less than 4 m, a D90/D50 less than 3, and a large pore volume of greater than 0.2 BJH.

A hydrated lime product exhibiting superior reactivity towards HCl and SO.sub.2 in air pollution control applications. Also disclosed is a method of providing highly reactive hydrated lime and the resultant lime hydrate where an initial lime feed comprising calcium and impurities is first ground to a particle-size distribution with relatively course particles. Smaller particles are then removed from this ground lime and the smaller particles are hydrated and flash dried to form a hydrated lime, which is then milled to a significantly smaller particle size than that of the relatively course particles. The resultant lime hydrate product has available CaOH of greater than 92%, a citric acid reactivity of less than 20 seconds, a BET surface area greater than 18, a D90 less than 10 m, a D50 less than 4 m, a D90/D50 less than 3, and a large pore volume of greater than 0.2 BJH.

A hydrated lime product exhibiting superior reactivity towards HCl and SO.sub.2 in air pollution control applications. Also disclosed is a method of providing highly reactive hydrated lime and the resultant lime hydrate where an initial lime feed comprising calcium and impurities is first ground to a particle-size distribution with relatively course particles. Smaller particles are then removed from this ground lime and the smaller particles are hydrated and flash dried to form a hydrated lime, which is then milled to a significantly smaller particle size than that of the relatively course particles. The resultant lime hydrate product has available CaOH of greater than 92%, a citric acid reactivity of less than 20 seconds, a BET surface area greater than 18, a D90 less than 10 m, a D50 less than 4 m, a D90/D50 less than 3, and a large pore volume of greater than 0.2 BJH.