An object to provide a prestressed concrete that can be widely used for general building members, in which a chemical stress induced by an expansive material and a mechanical stress induced by a continuous fiber reinforcing wire are simultaneously used together, and due to a synergistic effect of the mechanical stress and the chemical stress, the strength is increased, the reduction in weight, reduction in thickness, and suppression of cracking are achieved, and the degree of freedom in design increased. To provide a prestressed concrete characterized in that, in a concrete into which a prestress is introduced, a mechanical stress induced by a tensional material and a chemical stress induced by an expansive material for a concrete are introduced simultaneously into the concrete, the tensional material is a continuous fiber reinforcing wire, the expansive material for a concrete is contained in an amount of 5 to 30 kg/m3, and aluminum oxide contained in an amount of 0.2 to 2.0% by weight to the expansive material.

Composite fibers and methods of manufacturing composite fibers for the reinforcement of concrete are provided. The composite fibers include fibers and a polymeric coating. The composite fibers have a length of about 10 mm to about 80 mm and an equivalent diameter from about 0.3 mm to about 2 mm. A method for reinforcing concrete using the composite fibers is further provided.

Composite fibers and methods of manufacturing composite fibers for the reinforcement of concrete are provided. The composite fibers include fibers and a polymeric coating. The composite fibers have a length of about 10 mm to about 80 mm and an equivalent diameter from about 0.3 mm to about 2 mm. A method for reinforcing concrete using the composite fibers is further provided.

Composite fibers and methods of manufacturing composite fibers for the reinforcement of concrete are provided. The composite fibers include fibers and a polymeric coating. The composite fibers have a length of about 10 mm to about 80 mm and an equivalent diameter from about 0.3 mm to about 2 mm. A method for reinforcing concrete using the composite fibers is further provided.

The invention relates to a sleeper for the track superstructure, which is manufactured in one piece from a plastic material, with the sleeper having an elongated base shape with two end sections, which are connected by a middle section of the sleeper and held at a distance and on their upper side in each case one contact surface is provided for in each case one rail to be supported on the respective end section with a reinforcement extending in the longitudinal direction of the sleeper being embedded into the middle section. In order to design such a plastic sleeper such that it has optimised strength and can be reliably manufactured even using cost-effective plastic/sand mixtures having a high proportion of sand, the invention proposes that the reinforcement extends over the length of the middle section, that the reinforcement is in each case anchored in the respective end section in an edge region of the end sections assigned to the middle section and in that the reinforcement is wholly or partially arranged in the upper quarter of the height of the sleeper.

The invention relates to a sleeper for the track superstructure, which is manufactured in one piece from a plastic material, with the sleeper having an elongated base shape with two end sections, which are connected by a middle section of the sleeper and held at a distance and on their upper side in each case one contact surface is provided for in each case one rail to be supported on the respective end section with a reinforcement extending in the longitudinal direction of the sleeper being embedded into the middle section. In order to design such a plastic sleeper such that it has optimised strength and can be reliably manufactured even using cost-effective plastic/sand mixtures having a high proportion of sand, the invention proposes that the reinforcement extends over the length of the middle section, that the reinforcement is in each case anchored in the respective end section in an edge region of the end sections assigned to the middle section and in that the reinforcement is wholly or partially arranged in the upper quarter of the height of the sleeper.

A low carbon footprint material is used to decrease the carbon dioxide emission for production of a high carbon footprint substance. A method of forming composite materials comprises providing a first high carbon footprint substance; providing a carbon nanomaterial produced with a carbon-footprint of less than 10 unit weight of carbon dioxide (CO.sub.2) emission during production of 1 unit weight of the carbon nanomaterial; and forming a composite comprising the high carbon footprint substance and from 0.001 wt % to 25 wt % of the carbon nanomaterial, wherein the carbon nanomaterial is homogeneously dispersed in the composite to reduce the carbon dioxide emission for producing the composite material relative to the high carbon footprint substance.

An anti-blast concrete and a method of fabricating an anti-blast structure member using such anti-blast concrete are disclosed. The composition of the anti-blast concrete according to the invention includes, in parts by weight, 1.0 part by weight of cement, 1.0 to 2.5 parts by weight of fine aggregates, 1.0 to 2.5 parts by weight of coarse aggregates, and a plurality of reinforcing fibers. The weight ratio of the reinforcing fibers to the cement ranges from 0.5% to 3%. The plurality of reinforcing fibers are a plurality of carbon fibers or a plurality of aramid fibers. A test body, made of the anti-blast concrete of the invention, has an average number of times of repeated impacts at an impact energy of 49.0 Joules equal to or larger than 41 times at 28 days of age.

A structure for protecting a substrate. The structure comprises an inner tie coat layer which can bond to the substrate, a geopolymer foam layer, and an outer protective layer. The geopolymer foam layer is the reaction product of a mixture comprising an aluminosilicate source, an alkali activator, reinforcing fibres, and a plurality of microparticles.

A structure for protecting a substrate. The structure comprises an inner tie coat layer which can bond to the substrate, a geopolymer foam layer, and an outer protective layer. The geopolymer foam layer is the reaction product of a mixture comprising an aluminosilicate source, an alkali activator, reinforcing fibres, and a plurality of microparticles.