Disclosed are a fireproof material, a fireproof plate, a fireproof wall structure for tunnels and a construction method. The fireproof material includes the following components in weight ratio: 20-35 parts of aluminosilicate; 10-25 parts of calcium carbonate; 5-15 parts of magnesium oxide; 5-15 parts of silica; 20-40 parts of a binder; and 5-10 parts of a curing agent, the binder includes at least one of lithium silicate, potassium silicate and sodium silicate in combination with at least one of quartz sand and industrial sugar; and the curing agent is at least one of lithium oxide and magnesium oxide. In the preparation, firstly forming the mixture of aluminosilicate, magnesium oxide and silica into particles at 900° C.-1250° C., and then mixing the particles with calcium carbonate, the binder and the curing agent, and then pouring same into a forming mold and heating and pressing to form the fireproof material.

Method of making foamed gypsum slurry having 15 to 90 volume percent gas bubbles including: passing first slurry including water and on dry basis 50 to 98 wt. % calcium sulfate hemihydrate, 1 to 50 wt. % calcium carbonate, and 0.1 to 10 wt. % cellulose thickener via a first hose to a Wye connector conduit first inlet opening at Rate C and passing alum solution via a second hose to a second inlet opening of the conduit at Rate D to create combined mixed stream passing from the conduit to a static mixer for mixing for Time 3 to activate at least a portion of the calcium carbonate and alum to generate CO.sub.2 and create the foamed gypsum slurry; transferring the slurry from the mixer to a cavity between two wall boards via a third hose. Allowing the slurry in the cavity to expand, harden and dry.

Method of making foamed gypsum slurry having 15 to 90 volume percent gas bubbles including: passing first slurry including water and on dry basis 50 to 98 wt. % calcium sulfate hemihydrate, 1 to 50 wt. % calcium carbonate, and 0.1 to 10 wt. % cellulose thickener via a first hose to a Wye connector conduit first inlet opening at Rate C and passing alum solution via a second hose to a second inlet opening of the conduit at Rate D to create combined mixed stream passing from the conduit to a static mixer for mixing for Time 3 to activate at least a portion of the calcium carbonate and alum to generate CO.sub.2 and create the foamed gypsum slurry; transferring the slurry from the mixer to a cavity between two wall boards via a third hose. Allowing the slurry in the cavity to expand, harden and dry.

A method is shown for forming a high solids reactive lime slurry from quicklime. The timely addition of a carbohydrate and antiscalant polymer to slaking water provides desirable degree of control over the rate of reaction in which the heat of reaction is moderated to ensure the antiscalant polymer remains intact, thereby producing a fine quicklime slurry with low and stable viscosity.

A method is shown for forming a high solids reactive lime slurry from quicklime. The timely addition of a carbohydrate and antiscalant polymer to slaking water provides desirable degree of control over the rate of reaction in which the heat of reaction is moderated to ensure the antiscalant polymer remains intact, thereby producing a fine quicklime slurry with low and stable viscosity.

A geo-polymeric concrete and a process for preparing the geo-polymeric concrete is disclosed. The geo-polymeric concrete includes class F fly ash in a range from 10-20 wt %, of the design mix river sand in a range from 25-40 wt % of the design mix, a natural aggregate in a range from 15 to 40 wt % of the design mix, silica fume in a range from 1 to 2 wt % of class F fly ash, an alkaline activator solution and a superplasticizer in a range from 0.5 to 3 wt %. The materials used for preparing the superplasticizer are easily available in the market in abundance at a reasonable cost. The superplasticizer is economically viable and improves the workability of the geo-polymeric concrete. The presence of the superplasticizer does not affect the compressive strength of the geo-polymeric concrete.

A geo-polymeric concrete and a process for preparing the geo-polymeric concrete is disclosed. The geo-polymeric concrete includes class F fly ash in a range from 10-20 wt %, of the design mix river sand in a range from 25-40 wt % of the design mix, a natural aggregate in a range from 15 to 40 wt % of the design mix, silica fume in a range from 1 to 2 wt % of class F fly ash, an alkaline activator solution and a superplasticizer in a range from 0.5 to 3 wt %. The materials used for preparing the superplasticizer are easily available in the market in abundance at a reasonable cost. The superplasticizer is economically viable and improves the workability of the geo-polymeric concrete. The presence of the superplasticizer does not affect the compressive strength of the geo-polymeric concrete.

A geo-polymeric concrete and a process for preparing the geo-polymeric concrete is disclosed. The geo-polymeric concrete includes class F fly ash in a range from 10-20 wt %, of the design mix river sand in a range from 25-40 wt % of the design mix, a natural aggregate in a range from 15 to 40 wt % of the design mix, silica fume in a range from 1 to 2 wt % of class F fly ash, an alkaline activator solution and a superplasticizer in a range from 0.5 to 3 wt %. The materials used for preparing the superplasticizer are easily available in the market in abundance at a reasonable cost. The superplasticizer is economically viable and improves the workability of the geo-polymeric concrete. The presence of the superplasticizer does not affect the compressive strength of the geo-polymeric concrete.

Cement paste compositions, concrete compositions, and methods of forming the cement paste compositions and concrete compositions are disclosed. Exemplary cement paste compositions and concrete compositions include a water-soluble additive that is dissolved and is configured to perform one or more of ice recrystallization inhibition and dynamic ice shaping when the cement composition is exposed to temperatures less than or equal to a freezing temperature of water.

Cement paste compositions, concrete compositions, and methods of forming the cement paste compositions and concrete compositions are disclosed. Exemplary cement paste compositions and concrete compositions include a water-soluble additive that is dissolved and is configured to perform one or more of ice recrystallization inhibition and dynamic ice shaping when the cement composition is exposed to temperatures less than or equal to a freezing temperature of water.