Methods for plasticizing cementitious mixtures having relatively high water/cement ratio (at least 0.40 or higher) are surprisingly improved in terms of dosage efficiency, compared to conventional “superplasticizer” polycarboxylate polymers, when the polycarboxylate polymer is formed from particularly small-sized, specifically selected monomer constituents: (A) polyoxyalkylene monomer represented by the structural formula (R.sup.1)(R.sup.3)C═C(R.sup.2)((CH.sub.2).sub.m(CO).sub.nO(CH.sub.2).sub.o(AO).sub.pR.sup.4) wherein (AO).sub.p represents linear ethylene oxide groups and p is 5-23 and more preferably 5-15; (B) unsaturated carboxylic acid represented by (R.sup.5)(R.sup.7)C═C(R.sup.6)(C(O)OM) wherein M represents an alkali metal, the ratio of component A to component B being 20:80 to 50:50; and, optionally, (C) a hydrophilic monomer represented by (R.sup.8)(R.sup.9)C═C(R.sup.10)(CX) wherein R.sup.8, R.sup.9, and R.sup.10 each represent hydrogen or methyl group, and X represents C(O)NH.sub.2, C(O)NHR.sup.11, C(O)NR.sup.12R.sup.13, SO.sub.3H, C.sub.6H.sub.4SO.sub.3H, or C(O)NHC(CH.sub.3).sub.2CH.sub.2SO.sub.3H, or mixture thereof, wherein R.sup.11, R.sup.12, and R.sup.13 each represent a C.sub.1 to C.sub.5 alkyl group.

Various embodiments disclosed relate to clay stabilizers. In various embodiments, the present invention provides a method of treating a subterranean formation, including obtaining or providing a composition including a clay stabilizer having the structure Y—R.sup.1—(O—R.sup.2).sub.x—Y. The variable R.sup.1 can be a substituted or unsubstituted (C.sub.1-C.sub.20)hydrocarbylene. At each occurrence, R.sup.2 can independently be a substituted or unsubstituted (C.sub.1-C.sub.20)hydrocarbylene. At each occurrence, Y can be independently selected from a substituted or unsubstituted amino group, a substituted or unsubstituted ammonium group, a nitro group, a substituted or unsubstituted amine oxide group, and a substituted or unsubstituted (C.sub.1-C.sub.20)hydrocarbyloxy group, wherein at least one terminal group Y is a substituted amino group, a substituted or unsubstituted ammonium group, a substituted or unsubstituted amine oxide group, or a nitro group. The variable x can be an integer between 1 and 200,000. The method also includes placing the composition in a subterranean formation.

A sheet material with a cellular structure wherein the sheet material is produced by preparing a composition including PVC, a filler material and a plasticiser and providing a cellular structure within the composition prior to curing to form the sheet material. The composition may further include a cellular structure promoting agent. The sheet material with a cellular structure may be used in building applications and has advantageous sound attenuation, thermal conductivity, resilience and impact resistance properties.

A sheet material with a cellular structure wherein the sheet material is produced by preparing a composition including PVC, a filler material and a plasticiser and providing a cellular structure within the composition prior to curing to form the sheet material. The composition may further include a cellular structure promoting agent. The sheet material with a cellular structure may be used in building applications and has advantageous sound attenuation, thermal conductivity, resilience and impact resistance properties.

A gypsum panel includes a gypsum core containing a termiticide with poor water solubility, wherein the gypsum core has a first end region, a center region, and a second end region having an equal thickness and extending along a thickness direction from one surface side to another surface side, the termiticide is contained in each of the first end region, the center region, and the second end region, and a content of the termiticide in the center region is lower than a content of the termiticide in the first end region and in the second end region.

A gypsum panel includes a gypsum core containing a termiticide with poor water solubility, wherein the gypsum core has a first end region, a center region, and a second end region having an equal thickness and extending along a thickness direction from one surface side to another surface side, the termiticide is contained in each of the first end region, the center region, and the second end region, and a content of the termiticide in the center region is lower than a content of the termiticide in the first end region and in the second end region.

The present invention relates to a composite cement obtainable by grinding Portland cement clinker and latent hydraulic material together, preferably in the presence of at least one amine grinding aid, to provide a ground mixture and combining the ground mixture with a mineral filler. It further relates to a method of manufacturing the composite cement comprising the steps of grinding a latent hydraulic material and a portland cement clinker together, preferably in the presence of at least one amine, to provide a ground mixture and combining the ground mixture with one or more mineral fillers as well as to binders and to using the cement or binders as building material.

Dispersion-based ready-to-use grout formulations, methods of making such dispersion-based ready-to-use grout formulations, and the resultant grout products that perform as reactive resin grout products. The grout formulations of the invention at least include a water-based acrylic polymer dispersion binder and a water-based acrylate copolymer dispersion binder, in combination with one or more of an alkaline cross-linker, one or more silane adhesion promoters and/or a micro-fiber filler, along with various other constituents, to provide one-part ready-to-use grout formulations that require no mixing prior to use thereof. The resultant grout products of the invention meet performance standards of epoxy grout products, without requiring mixing of composition parts and without any adverse side effects.

Method for grinding a solid in a vertical roller mill (VRM) and a cement composition prepared by the disclosed methods. A method comprises grinding a solid comprising a cement clinker under a water spray in the presence of a grinding stabilizing additive, wherein the grinding stabilizing additive comprises: (i) an alkanol amino acid compound or a disodium or dipotassium salt thereof having the structural formula: (I), (ii) a glycol; or a mixture of (i) and (ii), wherein the water spray level is reduced by at least 5% compared to a control. Cement compositions prepared by the disclosed methods have the pre-hydration level (W.sub.k) equal to or less than 1.5%. The values and preferred values of R.sup.1-3 are disclosed herein.

##STR00001##

Amino acid-containing carbonated composites of silicate-containing cementitious materials and methods of making the same, are disclosed. The carbonated composites contain polymorphs of CaCO3, that are controlled in terms of type (i.e., relative proportion) and size when compared to the same composites formed without amino acids and show improved mechanical properties. Methods of making carbonated silicate-containing cementitious materials with improved properties include supplementing a silicate-containing cementitious material with one or more amino acids prior to carbonation, in effective amounts to confer to the resulting carbonated composite material has one of the following properties when compared to composite materials cured under the same conditions in the absence of the one or more amino acids.