The invention comprises a cementitious material comprising a natural pozzolan selected from hyaloclastite, sideromelane or tachylite, wherein the natural pozzolan has a volume-based mean particle size of less than or equal to 40 μm. The cementitious material also comprising an aqueous alkaline activating solution suitable for forming a geopolymer. A method making a cementitious material is also disclosed.

A method of providing a reactive cement constituent or concrete additive includes at least the following steps: a) reworking a carbon-containing heap comprising at least coal and clay-bearing rock; b) extracting at least calcined rock; c) producing fine-grain calcined rock; and d) providing fine-grain calcined rock for use as cement constituent or concrete additive.

A method of providing a reactive cement constituent or concrete additive includes at least the following steps: a) reworking a carbon-containing heap comprising at least coal and clay-bearing rock; b) extracting at least calcined rock; c) producing fine-grain calcined rock; and d) providing fine-grain calcined rock for use as cement constituent or concrete additive.

A method of providing a reactive cement constituent or concrete additive includes at least the following steps: a) reworking a carbon-containing heap comprising at least coal and clay-bearing rock; b) extracting at least calcined rock; c) producing fine-grain calcined rock; and d) providing fine-grain calcined rock for use as cement constituent or concrete additive.

Methods, systems, and apparatus for generating a recipe for a concrete mixture, comprising: obtaining an optical characterization of a set of particles; determining, based on the optical characterization, physical characteristics of the set of particles; generating a multispherical approximation of the set of particles; selecting, based on the physical characteristics of the set of particles and from a database of performance rules, performance rules applicable to the set of particles; predicting performance of a proposed recipe for a concrete mixture formed from the set of particles by: determining a wet flowability rating of the proposed recipe based on the selected performance rules; and determining a dry packing rating of the proposed recipe based on the multispherical approximation; iteratively altering the proposed recipe and predicting performance of the altered proposed recipe until the predicted performance satisfies performance criteria to obtain a final recipe; and outputting the final recipe.

Methods, systems, and apparatus for generating a recipe for a concrete mixture, comprising: obtaining an optical characterization of a set of particles; determining, based on the optical characterization, physical characteristics of the set of particles; generating a multispherical approximation of the set of particles; selecting, based on the physical characteristics of the set of particles and from a database of performance rules, performance rules applicable to the set of particles; predicting performance of a proposed recipe for a concrete mixture formed from the set of particles by: determining a wet flowability rating of the proposed recipe based on the selected performance rules; and determining a dry packing rating of the proposed recipe based on the multispherical approximation; iteratively altering the proposed recipe and predicting performance of the altered proposed recipe until the predicted performance satisfies performance criteria to obtain a final recipe; and outputting the final recipe.

A preparation method for a concrete additive for a maritime work environment includes: S1, compounding a volcanic ash material containing aluminum oxide and lime in proportion, loading a mixture into a sugar coating machine, and spraying a proper amount of alcohol, to prepare spherical particles; S2, adding the spherical particles in S1 and cement into the sugar coating machine, uniformly spraying deionized water in a rotating process, and coating surface layers of the spherical particles with a layer of cement for maintenance; and S3, placing the maintained particles in S2 into a hydrophobic emulsion, and coating the surface layers of the particles with a layer of hydrophobic emulsion, to obtain a concrete additive.

A preparation method for a concrete additive for a maritime work environment includes: S1, compounding a volcanic ash material containing aluminum oxide and lime in proportion, loading a mixture into a sugar coating machine, and spraying a proper amount of alcohol, to prepare spherical particles; S2, adding the spherical particles in S1 and cement into the sugar coating machine, uniformly spraying deionized water in a rotating process, and coating surface layers of the spherical particles with a layer of cement for maintenance; and S3, placing the maintained particles in S2 into a hydrophobic emulsion, and coating the surface layers of the particles with a layer of hydrophobic emulsion, to obtain a concrete additive.

A preparation method for a concrete additive for a maritime work environment includes: S1, compounding a volcanic ash material containing aluminum oxide and lime in proportion, loading a mixture into a sugar coating machine, and spraying a proper amount of alcohol, to prepare spherical particles; S2, adding the spherical particles in S1 and cement into the sugar coating machine, uniformly spraying deionized water in a rotating process, and coating surface layers of the spherical particles with a layer of cement for maintenance; and S3, placing the maintained particles in S2 into a hydrophobic emulsion, and coating the surface layers of the particles with a layer of hydrophobic emulsion, to obtain a concrete additive.

Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to methods of a method of making agricultural waste ash supplementary cementitious materials (AWASCMs), the method includes pretreating agricultural waste with acid, burning the acid pretreated agricultural waste to form agricultural waste ash (AWA), heat treating the AWA, grinding the AWA into an AWA supplemental cementitious material (AWASCM), and mixing the AWASCM with cement, water, and supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) to create a cement paste. Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a composition including sand, coarse aggregate, and cementitious materials. The cementitious materials includes cement, a SCM, and an AWASCM. The AWASCM includes an AWA and AWF.