Low-carbon monolithic refractories are provided. Methods of manufacturing glass employing low-carbon monolithic refractories are also provided. Methods and apparatuses for glass manufacture for reducing the formation of carbon dioxide blisters during glass manufacture are also provided.

Low-carbon monolithic refractories are provided. Methods of manufacturing glass employing low-carbon monolithic refractories are also provided. Methods and apparatuses for glass manufacture for reducing the formation of carbon dioxide blisters during glass manufacture are also provided.

A process for producing a refractory material for use in the superstructure of glass melting tanks contains, as main components, SiO.sub.2, SiC and a binder or binder mixture. A particulate substance, which in the spectral range from 1 μm to 5 μm and at temperatures above 1000° C. has a spectral emission capability which is higher than the spectral emission capability of the matrix of the refractory material, is incorporated into the matrix of the refractory material. A method of increasing the spectral emissivity of shaped, fired, refractory materials, is also provided.

Particles for a monolithic refractory are made of a spinet porous sintered body which is represented by a chemical formula of MgAl.sub.2O.sub.4, wherein pores having a pore size of 0.01 μm or more and less than 0.8 μm occupy 10 vol % or more and 50 vol % or less with respect to a total volume of pores having a pore size of 10 μm or less in the particles, and the particles for a monolithic refractory have grain size distribution in which particles having a particle size of less than 45 μm occupy 60 vol % or less, particles having a particle size of 45 μm or more and less than 100 μm occupy 20 vol % or more and 60 vol % or less, and particles having a particle size of 100 μm or more and 1000 μm or less occupy 10 vol % or more and 50 vol % or less.

Particles for a monolithic refractory are made of a spinet porous sintered body which is represented by a chemical formula of MgAl.sub.2O.sub.4, wherein pores having a pore size of 0.01 μm or more and less than 0.8 μm occupy 10 vol % or more and 50 vol % or less with respect to a total volume of pores having a pore size of 10 μm or less in the particles, and the particles for a monolithic refractory have grain size distribution in which particles having a particle size of less than 45 μm occupy 60 vol % or less, particles having a particle size of 45 μm or more and less than 100 μm occupy 20 vol % or more and 60 vol % or less, and particles having a particle size of 100 μm or more and 1000 μm or less occupy 10 vol % or more and 50 vol % or less.

A scum adsorbing member provided in a twin roll continuous casting device to produce a slab by supplying a molten metal to a molten metal storage section formed by a pair of rotatable cooling rolls and a pair of side weirs, and forming and growing a solidified shell on each circumferential surface of the pair of cooling rolls, so that a part of the scum adsorbing member is immersed in the molten metal storage section includes a refractory containing a refractory metal oxide, wherein the scum adsorbing member has 15% by volume or more and 70% by volume or less of pores.

The invention relates to a refractory dry vibratable mix which sets at room temperature when water is added, for use in metallurgical vessels and comprising a refractory main component, a binder and a retarder.

An object of the present invention is to obtain a cement-based calcined board-shaped construction material having improved impact resistance.

The cement-based calcined board-shaped construction material of the present invention is characterized by being produced by adding 0.5 to 5 wt % of a ceramic inorganic fiber and/or a mineral inorganic fiber to 100 wt % of a compound comprising 5 to 40 wt % of Portland cement, 5 to 30 wt % of a glass powder, and a remainder occupied by a refractory aggregate mainly composed of a silica-alumina refractory raw material, kneading the resulting material, then shaping the kneaded material into an elongated board shape by extrusion, and subsequently calcining the shaped material.

Also, it is the cement-based calcined board-shaped construction material which is produced by sticking a glass fiber sheet to the rear side of the cement-based calcined board-shaped construction material.

An insulating product for the refractory industry or an insulating material as intermediate for production of such a product, and a corresponding insulating material/insulating product are provided. Likewise the use of a matrix encapsulation process in the production of an insulating product for the refractory industry and a corresponding insulating product and/or an insulating material as intermediate for production of such a product are provided.

Particulate high-emissivity (high-ε) refractory products include a mixture of (a) a particulate refractory base material which includes at least one particulate binder material, at least one particulate refractory raw material filler material and optionally at least one refractory additive; and (b) a high-ε pigment in an amount sufficient to impart high-ε properties to the refractory product when cured of at least 0.80. The high-ε pigment is homogenously dispersed throughout the particulate refractory base material and is thereby less susceptible to loss of high-ε properties over time. The particulate high-ε products may be formed into an castable wet mix, an aqueous slurry or an insulating aqueous foam and cured so as to provide a component part of a high temperature refractory structure (e.g., the walls or ceiling of a refractory furnace) having high-ε properties.