Provided are a porous structure and a method of fabricating the same. The porous structure may include an aluminum oxide containing at least one of fluorine and phenyl group. For example, the porous structure may be formed from alumina which contains fluorine or phenyl group. The method of fabricating the porous structure may include preparing an aluminum precursor including at least one of fluorine and phenyl group; providing a precursor solution by mixing the precursor with a solvent; and forming the porous structure having 3-dimensional network structure including the aluminum oxide containing the at least one of fluorine and phenyl group from the precursor solution through gelation.

Porous silica-carbon composites are obtained by mixing fine particulate carbon dispersed in water by a surfactant, alkali metal silicate aqueous solution, and mineral acid so as to produce co-dispersion in which silica hydrosol, produced by reaction of the alkali metal silicate and the mineral acid, and the fine particulate carbon are uniformly dispersed, and gelling silica hydrosol, contained in the co-dispersion, and making the co-dispersion into porous bodies. The porous silica-carbon composites are prepared so as to have specific surface area from 20 to 1000 m.sup.2/g, pore volume from 0.3 to 2.0 ml/g, and average pore diameter from 2 to 100 nm.

Porous silica-carbon composites are obtained by mixing fine particulate carbon dispersed in water by a surfactant, alkali metal silicate aqueous solution, and mineral acid so as to produce co-dispersion in which silica hydrosol, produced by reaction of the alkali metal silicate and the mineral acid, and the fine particulate carbon are uniformly dispersed, and gelling silica hydrosol, contained in the co-dispersion, and making the co-dispersion into porous bodies. The porous silica-carbon composites are prepared so as to have specific surface area from 20 to 1000 m.sup.2/g, pore volume from 0.3 to 2.0 ml/g, and average pore diameter from 2 to 100 nm.

Nano-porous corundum ceramics and methods of manufacture are disclosed. The method of forming nano-porous corundum ceramics includes milling corundum powder in aqueous slurry with beads. The method further includes processing the slurry by a liquid shaping process to form a gelled body. The method further includes sintering the gelled body between 600° C. to 1000° C.

There is described a mesoporous composite material comprising carbon nanoparticles dispersed in a mesoporous carbonaceous material.

The rate of release of a well treatment agent into a well may be controlled by introducing into the well a screen containing a well treatment composite having a well treatment agent and a support for the well treatment agent. The diameter of the substrate is less than the diameter of the opening of the screen of the screen assembly. Over time, the well treatment agent is released from the substrate and passes from the interior of the screen into the well.

The rate of release of a well treatment agent into a well may be controlled by introducing into the well a screen containing a well treatment composite having a well treatment agent and a support for the well treatment agent. The diameter of the substrate is less than the diameter of the opening of the screen of the screen assembly. Over time, the well treatment agent is released from the substrate and passes from the interior of the screen into the well.

A method of forming a porous sol gel, including a dried porous sol gel, is provided comprising forming a sol gel from a sol gel-forming composition comprising a silane solution and a catalyst solution; and non-supercritically drying the sol gel to provide a dried porous sol gel having no springback. The dried porous sol gel can include dried macroporous or mesoporous sol gels or dried hybrid aerogels. The materials may contain open or filled pores. Such materials are useful as thermal insulators.

A method of forming a porous sol gel, including a dried porous sol gel, is provided comprising forming a sol gel from a sol gel-forming composition comprising a silane solution and a catalyst solution; and non-supercritically drying the sol gel to provide a dried porous sol gel having no springback. The dried porous sol gel can include dried macroporous or mesoporous sol gels or dried hybrid aerogels. The materials may contain open or filled pores. Such materials are useful as thermal insulators.

The present disclosure discloses a ceramic material having a positive slow release effect and a method for manufacturing the same. The ceramic material comprises a hierarchically meso-macroporous structure which composition at least includes silicon and oxygen, wherein the hierarchically meso-macroporous structure includes a plurality of macropores and a wall having a plurality of arranged mesopores, and the plurality of macropores are separated by the wall; and nano-scale metal particles confined in at least one of the plurality of arranged mesopores. The nano-scale metal particles have a positive slow release effect from the at least one of the plurality of arranged mesopores. The ceramic material has a property of inhibiting growth of microorganisms or killing the microorganisms in an environment or a system containing a hydrophilic medium.