A dried latex emulsion coating on a surface of a metal member is used as a thin bond layer on well tubular joints, on tubular strings in wells, and on other metal members. The bond layer promotes adhesion to cement members formed from hardening a cement slurry in contact with the bond layer. The bond layer can be used in bonded cement structures, on well tubular joints, on tubular strings in a well, on tubular strings cemented in a well, in methods of making the cement structures and the tubular strings, and in methods of placing and cementing a tubular string in a well.

Disclosed is a carbon nanoparticle-porous skeleton composite material, its composite with lithium metal, and their preparation methods and use. In the carbon nanoparticle-porous skeleton composite material, the porous skeleton is a carbon-based porous microsphere material with a diameter of 1 to 100 m or a porous metal material having internal pores with a micrometer-scale pore size distribution, and the carbon nanoparticles are distributed in the pores and on the surface of the carbon-based porous microsphere material or the porous metal material. The carbon nanoparticle-porous skeleton composite material is mixed with a molten lithium metal to form a lithium-carbon nanoparticle-porous skeleton composite material. The carbon nanoparticles present in the material can better conduct lithium ions during the battery cycle, thereby inhibiting the formation of lithium dendrites, and improving the safety and cycle stability of the battery.

Disclosed is a carbon nanoparticle-porous skeleton composite material, its composite with lithium metal, and their preparation methods and use. In the carbon nanoparticle-porous skeleton composite material, the porous skeleton is a carbon-based porous microsphere material with a diameter of 1 to 100 m or a porous metal material having internal pores with a micrometer-scale pore size distribution, and the carbon nanoparticles are distributed in the pores and on the surface of the carbon-based porous microsphere material or the porous metal material. The carbon nanoparticle-porous skeleton composite material is mixed with a molten lithium metal to form a lithium-carbon nanoparticle-porous skeleton composite material. The carbon nanoparticles present in the material can better conduct lithium ions during the battery cycle, thereby inhibiting the formation of lithium dendrites, and improving the safety and cycle stability of the battery.

A heat insulating material includes an aerogel that has macro-pores and meso-pores. A method for manufacturing a heat insulating material, including: a sol preparation step of adding a gelling agent into sodium silicate such that a molar ratio of the gelling agent relative to NaO.sub.2 is 0.1 to 0.75, and adjusting a sol into which macro-pores are introduced by leaving unreacted Na and non-cross-linked oxygen in a siloxane skeleton; an impregnating and gelling step of impregnating a nonwoven fabric fiber structure with the sol to form a composite of hydrogel-nonwoven fabric fiber; a hydrophobizating step of mixing the formed composite of hydrogel-nonwoven fabric fiber with a silylating agent to modify a surface thereof; and a drying step of removing a liquid contained in the surface modified composite of hydrogel-nonwoven fabric fiber by drying under a temperature and pressure lower than respective critical values.

A heat insulating material includes an aerogel that has macro-pores and meso-pores. A method for manufacturing a heat insulating material, including: a sol preparation step of adding a gelling agent into sodium silicate such that a molar ratio of the gelling agent relative to NaO.sub.2 is 0.1 to 0.75, and adjusting a sol into which macro-pores are introduced by leaving unreacted Na and non-cross-linked oxygen in a siloxane skeleton; an impregnating and gelling step of impregnating a nonwoven fabric fiber structure with the sol to form a composite of hydrogel-nonwoven fabric fiber; a hydrophobizating step of mixing the formed composite of hydrogel-nonwoven fabric fiber with a silylating agent to modify a surface thereof; and a drying step of removing a liquid contained in the surface modified composite of hydrogel-nonwoven fabric fiber by drying under a temperature and pressure lower than respective critical values.

A porous ceramic structure has a porous ceramic aggregate configured from a plurality of porous ceramic particles, and the ratio of the number of corners at locations where two other porous ceramic particles are facing a corner of a porous ceramic particle with respect to the number of corners of the porous ceramic particles included in the porous ceramic aggregate is 80% or greater.

A porous ceramic structure has a porous ceramic aggregate configured from a plurality of porous ceramic particles, and the ratio of the number of corners at locations where two other porous ceramic particles are facing a corner of a porous ceramic particle with respect to the number of corners of the porous ceramic particles included in the porous ceramic aggregate is 80% or greater.

Process for manufacturing a high pore volume titanium dioxide ceramic material using a fluoride source. Addition of fluoride in varying amounts modulates the properties of the ceramic material by increasing the pore volume while maintaining a relatively high crush strength. Resulting porous ceramic material include a plurality of sintered ceramic titanium dioxide particles having at least 10% (w/w) rutile phase and exhibiting a pore volume (PV) between 0.20 and 0.60 mL/g and a crush strength (CS) of no less than 3 lbf (13.35 N). The porous ceramic materials described herein can be used as catalyst carriers. The ceramic material can be used as carrier for various catalysts, for example Fisher-Tropsch catalysts.

Process for manufacturing a high pore volume titanium dioxide ceramic material using a fluoride source. Addition of fluoride in varying amounts modulates the properties of the ceramic material by increasing the pore volume while maintaining a relatively high crush strength. Resulting porous ceramic material include a plurality of sintered ceramic titanium dioxide particles having at least 10% (w/w) rutile phase and exhibiting a pore volume (PV) between 0.20 and 0.60 mL/g and a crush strength (CS) of no less than 3 lbf (13.35 N). The porous ceramic materials described herein can be used as catalyst carriers. The ceramic material can be used as carrier for various catalysts, for example Fisher-Tropsch catalysts.

A porous ceramic structure has a porosity of 20% to 99%, and includes one principal surface and another principal surface opposite to the one principal surface. At least one cut is formed from the one principal surface toward the other principal surface. An aspect ratio of a divided portion divided by the cut is greater than or equal to 3.