An arrestor bed for slowing an aircraft overrunning a runway, including an elongated excavation and a plurality of irregularly shaped foamed glass bodies at least partially filing the excavation. Each respective irregularly shaped foamed glass body has an aspect ratio between 1:1.6 to 1:1.7 and a diameter of about 1 inch. The irregularly shaped foamed glass bodies intersect to define stacking angles of about 35 degrees. Under compression, the irregularly shaped foamed glass bodies crush and break up before slip failure occurs such that the roadbed has a crushing failure mode.

An arrestor bed for slowing an aircraft overrunning a runway, including an elongated excavation and a plurality of irregularly shaped foamed glass bodies at least partially filing the excavation. Each respective irregularly shaped foamed glass body has an aspect ratio between 1:1.6 to 1:1.7 and a diameter of about 1 inch. The irregularly shaped foamed glass bodies intersect to define stacking angles of about 35 degrees. Under compression, the irregularly shaped foamed glass bodies crush and break up before slip failure occurs such that the roadbed has a crushing failure mode.

A permeable floating concrete vessel for creating floating aquatic habitats is disclosed. The vessel includes an interior space to hold growth material and a plant. The vessels includes one or more channels so a root of the plant can extend through the channel and into a body of water in which the vessel is secured. The vessel is made from a buoyant material, such as water-permeable concrete material. In an exemplary embodiment the water-permeable concrete material includes a mixture of cement, glass microspheres, expanded glass aggregate, and microfibers. Two or more vessels may be connected together via a connecting member to form an array of the vessels.

A permeable floating concrete vessel for creating floating aquatic habitats is disclosed. The vessel includes an interior space to hold growth material and a plant. The vessels includes one or more channels so a root of the plant can extend through the channel and into a body of water in which the vessel is secured. The vessel is made from a buoyant material, such as water-permeable concrete material. In an exemplary embodiment the water-permeable concrete material includes a mixture of cement, glass microspheres, expanded glass aggregate, and microfibers. Two or more vessels may be connected together via a connecting member to form an array of the vessels.

A sensor element of a gas sensor includes: an element base which is a ceramic structured body including a detection part of detecting a target measurement gas component; and a protective layer which is a porous layer provided in at least a part of an outermost peripheral portion of the element base, wherein in the protective layer, numerous convex parts each having a size of 1.0 μm or less and made up of ceramic microparticles with diameters of 10 nm to 1.0 μm are discretely formed around numerous ceramic coarse grains having diameters of 5.0 μm to 40 μm, the respective ceramic coarse grains are connected to each other directly or via the ceramic microparticle, and a degree of porosity of the protective layer is 5% to 50%.

A sensor element of a gas sensor includes: an element base which is a ceramic structured body including a detection part of detecting a target measurement gas component; and a protective layer which is a porous layer provided in at least a part of an outermost peripheral portion of the element base, wherein in the protective layer, numerous convex parts each having a size of 1.0 μm or less and made up of ceramic microparticles with diameters of 10 nm to 1.0 μm are discretely formed around numerous ceramic coarse grains having diameters of 5.0 μm to 40 μm, the respective ceramic coarse grains are connected to each other directly or via the ceramic microparticle, and a degree of porosity of the protective layer is 5% to 50%.

An ultra-stable structural laminate with fire resistance and a lateral nail pull strength from 44 to 300 pounds of force and an insulation R value from 1 to 40, the ultra-stable structural laminate of a cementious material with a nano-molecular veneer and a foam component catalytically reacted into an expanded closed cell foam having a thickness from ⅛.sup.th inch to 8 inches, a density from 1.5 pounds/cubic foot to 3 pounds/cubic foot that self-adheres to the cementitious material forming an ultra-stable structural laminate with fire resistance and a lateral nail pull strength from 44 pounds to 300 pounds of force, an insulation R value from 1 to 40, a resistance to seismic impact for earthquakes over 3.1 on the Richter Scale, a break point from 7 lbs/inch to 100 lbs/inch; and a resistance to wind shear equivalent to a 15 mph downburst.

An ultra-stable structural laminate with fire resistance and a lateral nail pull strength from 44 to 300 pounds of force and an insulation R value from 1 to 40, the ultra-stable structural laminate of a cementious material with a nano-molecular veneer and a foam component catalytically reacted into an expanded closed cell foam having a thickness from ⅛.sup.th inch to 8 inches, a density from 1.5 pounds/cubic foot to 3 pounds/cubic foot that self-adheres to the cementitious material forming an ultra-stable structural laminate with fire resistance and a lateral nail pull strength from 44 pounds to 300 pounds of force, an insulation R value from 1 to 40, a resistance to seismic impact for earthquakes over 3.1 on the Richter Scale, a break point from 7 lbs/inch to 100 lbs/inch; and a resistance to wind shear equivalent to a 15 mph downburst.

A ceramic matrix composite (CMC) component and method of fabrication including one or more elongate functional features formed in multiple fiber plies of the CMC component. The CMC component includes a plurality of longitudinally extending ceramic matrix composite plies in a stacked configuration. Each of the one or more elongate functional features includes an inlet and an outlet to provide a flow of fluid from a fluid source to an exterior of the ceramic matrix composite component. The one or more elongate functional features are configured in multiple plies of the plurality of longitudinally extending ceramic matrix composite plies to form a plurality of cooling channels in multiple plies of the ceramic matrix composite component.

A ceramic matrix composite (CMC) component and method of fabrication including one or more elongate functional features formed in multiple fiber plies of the CMC component. The CMC component includes a plurality of longitudinally extending ceramic matrix composite plies in a stacked configuration. Each of the one or more elongate functional features includes an inlet and an outlet to provide a flow of fluid from a fluid source to an exterior of the ceramic matrix composite component. The one or more elongate functional features are configured in multiple plies of the plurality of longitudinally extending ceramic matrix composite plies to form a plurality of cooling channels in multiple plies of the ceramic matrix composite component.