Fatty amine compositions made from a metathesis-derived C10-C17 monounsaturated acid, octadecene-1,18-dioic acid, or their ester derivatives are disclosed. In another aspect, fatty amidoamines made by reacting a metathesis-derived C10-C17 monounsaturated acid, octadecene-1,18-dioic acid, or their ester derivatives with an aminoalkyl-substituted tertiary amine are disclosed. The fatty amines or amidoamines are advantageously sulfonated, sulfitated, oxidized, or reduced. In other aspects, the ester derivative is a modified triglyceride made by self-metathesis of a natural oil or an unsaturated triglyceride made by cross-metathesis of a natural oil with an olefin.

The main weaknesses of masonry buildings, especially those made of clay, against earthquakes are: high weight, which increases the earthquake force that is proportional to the weight; low resistance that causes an early crushing of walls and ceilings; lack of ductility, which causes the masonry buildings to collapse immediately after cracking. These weaknesses have been the main causes of collapse of masonry buildings in past earthquakes in various parts of the world. Also, many of the restoration works, done on the historical monuments that were made by the mentioned materials, showed their inadequacy in some recent earthquakes This invention improves clay, as an eco-friendly, low-cost material with high workability, to present a better seismic behavior, by decreasing its specific weight to less than tones/m.sup.3 and increasing its tensile resistance up to five times of the ordinary clay, and giving better insulation capabilities against heat, sound and moisture to it.

The main weaknesses of masonry buildings, especially those made of clay, against earthquakes are: high weight, which increases the earthquake force that is proportional to the weight; low resistance that causes an early crushing of walls and ceilings; lack of ductility, which causes the masonry buildings to collapse immediately after cracking. These weaknesses have been the main causes of collapse of masonry buildings in past earthquakes in various parts of the world. Also, many of the restoration works, done on the historical monuments that were made by the mentioned materials, showed their inadequacy in some recent earthquakes This invention improves clay, as an eco-friendly, low-cost material with high workability, to present a better seismic behavior, by decreasing its specific weight to less than tones/m.sup.3 and increasing its tensile resistance up to five times of the ordinary clay, and giving better insulation capabilities against heat, sound and moisture to it.

The main weaknesses of masonry buildings, especially those made of clay, against earthquakes are: high weight, which increases the earthquake force that is proportional to the weight; low resistance that causes an early crushing of walls and ceilings; lack of ductility, which causes the masonry buildings to collapse immediately after cracking. These weaknesses have been the main causes of collapse of masonry buildings in past earthquakes in various parts of the world. Also, many of the restoration works, done on the historical monuments that were made by the mentioned materials, showed their inadequacy in some recent earthquakes This invention improves clay, as an eco-friendly, low-cost material with high workability, to present a better seismic behavior, by decreasing its specific weight to less than tones/m.sup.3 and increasing its tensile resistance up to five times of the ordinary clay, and giving better insulation capabilities against heat, sound and moisture to it.

This invention provides low density gypsum products. This invention also provides a method of making the low density gypsum products.

This invention provides low density gypsum products. This invention also provides a method of making the low density gypsum products.

Corrosion-resistant refractory binder compositions may be formed with a calcium ion source, high-alumina refractory aluminosilicate pozzolan, and water. Any one or more of such components may individually be non-cementitious. Examples of high-alumina refractory aluminosilicate pozzolan include crushed firebrick; firebrick grog; and mixtures of silicate and any one or more of corundum, high-alumina ceramic, and bauxite; refractory mortar; fire clay; mullite; fused mullite; and combinations thereof, among others. A binder composition may be mixed with sufficient amount of water to form a slurry, which slurry may be introduced into a subterranean formation (e.g., via a wellbore penetrating the subterranean formation). A plurality of the non-cementitious components may react in the presence of water when exposed to suitable conditions so as to enable the binder composition to set. Such compositions, once set, may exhibit enhanced corrosion and/or heat resistance as compared to other binder compositions.

Corrosion-resistant refractory binder compositions may be formed with a calcium ion source, high-alumina refractory aluminosilicate pozzolan, and water. Any one or more of such components may individually be non-cementitious. Examples of high-alumina refractory aluminosilicate pozzolan include crushed firebrick; firebrick grog; and mixtures of silicate and any one or more of corundum, high-alumina ceramic, and bauxite; refractory mortar; fire clay; mullite; fused mullite; and combinations thereof, among others. A binder composition may be mixed with sufficient amount of water to form a slurry, which slurry may be introduced into a subterranean formation (e.g., via a wellbore penetrating the subterranean formation). A plurality of the non-cementitious components may react in the presence of water when exposed to suitable conditions so as to enable the binder composition to set. Such compositions, once set, may exhibit enhanced corrosion and/or heat resistance as compared to other binder compositions.

A foam concrete has constituents that include a cement, a sand, a coarse aggregate, an oil ash, a water, and a foam solution. The foam concrete has a compressive strength of at least 20 MPa, a thermal conductivity of less than 0.41 W/mK and a maximum weight of 1650 kg/m.sup.3.

A method of controlling the equivalent circulating density of an epoxy resin, used to cement a wellbore, is provided. The method includes adjusting the cross sectional area of the annulus exit using a valve or other mechanism to increase or decrease the equivalent circulating density of the epoxy resin.