A foam formulation for preparing polymer-grafted nanoparticles stabilized foam, including nanoparticles, monomers of a polymer to be grafted on the nanoparticle surface, polymerization initiator, surfactant and water. The polymer-grafted nanoparticles may act together with the surfactant to form single-layer assembling at the boundary of bubbles, which in turn stabilizes the foam. The generated foam shows much better stability in long-term storage, high-temperature drying process and alkaline environments than conventional wet foams. A method of preparing solid porous materials with the foam is also provided.

A foam formulation for preparing polymer-grafted nanoparticles stabilized foam, including nanoparticles, monomers of a polymer to be grafted on the nanoparticle surface, polymerization initiator, surfactant and water. The polymer-grafted nanoparticles may act together with the surfactant to form single-layer assembling at the boundary of bubbles, which in turn stabilizes the foam. The generated foam shows much better stability in long-term storage, high-temperature drying process and alkaline environments than conventional wet foams. A method of preparing solid porous materials with the foam is also provided.

A system and associated methods for processing unhardened concrete are disclosed. It at least one embodiment, the system for processing unhardened concrete includes a means to estimate a quantity of returned concrete; a foam adder to add foam to the quantity of returned concrete; a mixer to mix the added foam and returned concrete together to create treated concrete; a discharger to discharge the treated concrete; a discharge area configured in which to allow the treated concrete to set and harden; a converter to convert the hardened treated concrete into a particulate or aggregate form; and a user to determine the specific utilization of the particulate or aggregate form loose material.

An embodiment comprises a method of treating a subterranean formation comprising: providing a treatment fluid comprising a kiln dust, biowaste ash, and water; and introducing the treatment fluid into a subterranean formation. Another embodiment comprises a method of cementing comprising: introducing a cement composition into a subterranean formation, wherein the cement composition comprises a kiln dust, biowaste ash, and water; and allowing the cement composition to set in the subterranean formation. Yet another embodiment comprises a method comprising: providing a spacer fluid comprising biowaste ash and water; introducing the spacer fluid into a well bore to displace at least a portion of a first fluid from the well bore; and introducing a cement composition into the well bore, wherein the spacer fluid separates the cement composition and the first fluid.

An embodiment comprises a method of treating a subterranean formation comprising: providing a treatment fluid comprising a kiln dust, biowaste ash, and water; and introducing the treatment fluid into a subterranean formation. Another embodiment comprises a method of cementing comprising: introducing a cement composition into a subterranean formation, wherein the cement composition comprises a kiln dust, biowaste ash, and water; and allowing the cement composition to set in the subterranean formation. Yet another embodiment comprises a method comprising: providing a spacer fluid comprising biowaste ash and water; introducing the spacer fluid into a well bore to displace at least a portion of a first fluid from the well bore; and introducing a cement composition into the well bore, wherein the spacer fluid separates the cement composition and the first fluid.

The invention relates to use of nano-fibrillar cellulose as an gas-entrainment stabilizer, which when used in cementitious materials, provides improved gas pore structure quality and/or stability and/or robustness with regard to water content variation. The invention further relates to a method for stabilizing gasentrainment of cementitious materials and to a method for providing cementitious material with improved air pore structure quality and/or stability and/or robustness with regard to water content variation.

The invention relates to use of nano-fibrillar cellulose as an gas-entrainment stabilizer, which when used in cementitious materials, provides improved gas pore structure quality and/or stability and/or robustness with regard to water content variation. The invention further relates to a method for stabilizing gasentrainment of cementitious materials and to a method for providing cementitious material with improved air pore structure quality and/or stability and/or robustness with regard to water content variation.

The invention relates to use of nano-fibrillar cellulose as an gas-entrainment stabilizer, which when used in cementitious materials, provides improved gas pore structure quality and/or stability and/or robustness with regard to water content variation. The invention further relates to a method for stabilizing gasentrainment of cementitious materials and to a method for providing cementitious material with improved air pore structure quality and/or stability and/or robustness with regard to water content variation.

The present invention includes well treatment fluids and methods utilizing nano-particles and, in certain embodiments, to sealant compositions and methods utilizing nano-particles. The nano-particles may be incorporated into the sealant composition in different forms, including as discrete nano-particles, encapsulated nano-particles, agglomerated nano-particles, or in a liquid suspension.

The present invention includes well treatment fluids and methods utilizing nano-particles and, in certain embodiments, to sealant compositions and methods utilizing nano-particles. The nano-particles may be incorporated into the sealant composition in different forms, including as discrete nano-particles, encapsulated nano-particles, agglomerated nano-particles, or in a liquid suspension.