TA geopolymer foam having: from 50% to 90% by mass of pozzolanic material polymerized relative to a total mass of the foam; from 0.01% to 2%, by mass of the at least one surfactant relative to the total mass of said foam; and from 1% to 20% by mass of fibers with lengths of between 5 and 1500 μm relative to the total mass of said foam. A process and a composition for manufacturing the foam, as well applications of the foam, are also disclosed.

Finally, the invention relates to a kit comprising said composition for the manufacture of said foam, as well as a pozzolanic material.

TA geopolymer foam having: from 50% to 90% by mass of pozzolanic material polymerized relative to a total mass of the foam; from 0.01% to 2%, by mass of the at least one surfactant relative to the total mass of said foam; and from 1% to 20% by mass of fibers with lengths of between 5 and 1500 μm relative to the total mass of said foam. A process and a composition for manufacturing the foam, as well applications of the foam, are also disclosed.

Finally, the invention relates to a kit comprising said composition for the manufacture of said foam, as well as a pozzolanic material.

A surfactant composition is disclosed comprising a first alkyl sulfate surfactant, optionally a second alkyl sulfate surfactant, and optionally an alkyl ether sulfate. The first and second alkyl sulfate surfactants have Formula (1):

##STR00001##

and the alkyl ether sulfate has Formula (2):

##STR00002##

in which R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are independently selected linear or branched alkyl or a combination thereof having from 6 to 14 carbon atoms, y has an average value from 0.1 to 5, and M.sup.1 and M.sup.2 are cations independently selected from sodium, calcium, ammonium, or a combination of two or all of these. Use of the composition as a foaming agent for gypsum slurries, and of the gypsum slurries for formation of gypsum boards, are disclosed.

Sulfate and sulfonate derivatives of unsaturated fatty alcohols, processes for making them, and methods of using them are disclosed. In one aspect, a monounsaturated fatty alcohol composition is made by reducing a metathesis-derived monounsaturated alkyl ester. The fatty alcohol composition is then converted to a sulfate or sulfonate derivative by one or more of alkoxylation, sulfation, sulfonation, and sulfitation. Of particular interest are the sulfate and ether sulfate derivatives. Microscopy studies indicate that the unsaturated sodium sulfates in particular have a lamellar phase that should enable formulation at high actives levels. Sulfate compositions comprising 40 to 60 wt. % of a monounsaturated fatty primary alcohol sulfate and 40 to 60 wt. % of a secondary hydroxyalkyl primary alcohol sulfate are also disclosed. The derivatives and sulfate compositions are valuable for many end-use applications, including, for example, agricultural dispersants, water-soluble herbicides, anionic emulsifiers for agricultural use, hard surface cleaners, light-duty liquid detergents, personal cleansers, gas well foamers for oilfield applications, laundry detergents, enhanced oil recovery compositions, latex paints, and specialty foams.

Sulfate and sulfonate derivatives of unsaturated fatty alcohols, processes for making them, and methods of using them are disclosed. In one aspect, a monounsaturated fatty alcohol composition is made by reducing a metathesis-derived monounsaturated alkyl ester. The fatty alcohol composition is then converted to a sulfate or sulfonate derivative by one or more of alkoxylation, sulfation, sulfonation, and sulfitation. Of particular interest are the sulfate and ether sulfate derivatives. Microscopy studies indicate that the unsaturated sodium sulfates in particular have a lamellar phase that should enable formulation at high actives levels. Sulfate compositions comprising 40 to 60 wt. % of a monounsaturated fatty primary alcohol sulfate and 40 to 60 wt. % of a secondary hydroxyalkyl primary alcohol sulfate are also disclosed. The derivatives and sulfate compositions are valuable for many end-use applications, including, for example, agricultural dispersants, water-soluble herbicides, anionic emulsifiers for agricultural use, hard surface cleaners, light-duty liquid detergents, personal cleansers, gas well foamers for oilfield applications, laundry detergents, enhanced oil recovery compositions, latex paints, and specialty foams.

The present application concerns a method for the production of a gypsum article, which includes introducing a measured quantity of carbon dioxide into the process water and mixing the stucco with the thus treated water. The CO.sub.2-enriched water has the advantage of providing compositions with sufficient processing properties at considerably lower water contents, thus allowing for significant energy savings. The invention also concerns slurries prepared according to this method as well as an apparatus which is adapted to implement this method.

The present disclosure provides methods, compositions, and systems embodying cement compositions and the synergistic effect of lost circulation materials (LCMs) and fluid loss control additives (FLCAs) thereupon for cementing subterranean zones. A method of subterranean well cementing, comprising providing a cement composition comprising a hydraulic cement, a first FLCA, an LCM, and water, wherein the first FLCA comprises a water-soluble polymer with repeating units comprising a 5- to 6-membered cyclic amide; introducing the cement composition into a wellbore penetrating a subterranean formation, wherein inclusion of the first FLCA and the LCM in the cement composition fluid reduces fluid loss into the subterranean formation, wherein the subterranean formation has fractures with a width of from about 1 micron to about 800 microns, and wherein the subterranean formation has a permeability of about 1 milliDarcy to about 300 Darcy; and allowing the cement composition to set in the subterranean formation.

The present disclosure provides methods, compositions, and systems embodying cement compositions and the synergistic effect of lost circulation materials (LCMs) and fluid loss control additives (FLCAs) thereupon for cementing subterranean zones. A method of subterranean well cementing, comprising providing a cement composition comprising a hydraulic cement, a first FLCA, an LCM, and water, wherein the first FLCA comprises a water-soluble polymer with repeating units comprising a 5- to 6-membered cyclic amide; introducing the cement composition into a wellbore penetrating a subterranean formation, wherein inclusion of the first FLCA and the LCM in the cement composition fluid reduces fluid loss into the subterranean formation, wherein the subterranean formation has fractures with a width of from about 1 micron to about 800 microns, and wherein the subterranean formation has a permeability of about 1 milliDarcy to about 300 Darcy; and allowing the cement composition to set in the subterranean formation.

The present disclosure relates to downhole fluid additives including a clay, a hydroxylated polymer, a cation, and water. The disclosure further relates to downhole fluids, including drilling fluids, spaces, cements, and proppant delivery fluids containing such as downhole fluid additive and methods of using such fluids. The downhole fluid additive may have any of a variety of functions in the downhole fluid and may confer any of a variety of properties upon it, such as salt tolerance or desired viscosities even at high downhole temperatures.

The present disclosure relates to downhole fluid additives including a clay, a hydroxylated polymer, a cation, and water. The disclosure further relates to downhole fluids, including drilling fluids, spaces, cements, and proppant delivery fluids containing such as downhole fluid additive and methods of using such fluids. The downhole fluid additive may have any of a variety of functions in the downhole fluid and may confer any of a variety of properties upon it, such as salt tolerance or desired viscosities even at high downhole temperatures.