Foamed fiber compositions and processes of making said compositions. Compositions include a hydraulic mixture including (i) a polymer and (ii) one or more of gypsum, fly ash, and cement; and a foam including a foaming agent, a foam stabilizer, and 0.5-35% fibers by weight. The process for forming the foamed fiber composition includes providing a stable foam including a foaming agent and a foam stabilizer; mixing fibers into the stable foam until the fibers are uniformly distributed in the foam to form a fiber-containing foam, wherein the fiber-containing aqueous foam contains 0.5-35% fibers by weight; and mixing the fiber-containing foam into a hydraulic slurry including (i) a polymer and (ii) one or more of gypsum, fly ash, and cement. The composition is suitable for use in roof tiles, underlayments, backerboards, cement composites, foam fills, bricks, cement sidings, etc.

The present invention is directed to a gypsum panel and a method of making such gypsum panel. For instance, in one embodiment, the gypsum panel comprises a gypsum core and a first facing material and a second facing material sandwiching the gypsum core, wherein the gypsum core includes gypsum and one or more components of a reclaim gypsum panel, such as reclaimed gypsum and reclaimed facing material. The methods of the present invention are directed to making the aforementioned gypsum panels by providing the first facing material, providing a gypsum slurry comprising gypsum, water, and one or more components of a reclaim gypsum panel, such as reclaimed gypsum and reclaimed facing material, onto the first facing material, and providing a second facing material on the gypsum slurry.

The invention is related to a construction building material mixture that is generally used in the construction sector, which is highly waterproof, dustproof, resistant to chipping, shrinking, cracking and whose tensile strength has been increased, and which is efficient and cost efficient. The cost of the mixture is lower and it is more efficient as said construction building material mixture is formed of granule or micron particles of natural gypsum and/or natural hemihydrate gypsum and/or natural anhydrite material.

The invention is related to a construction building material mixture that is generally used in the construction sector, which is highly waterproof, dustproof, resistant to chipping, shrinking, cracking and whose tensile strength has been increased, and which is efficient and cost efficient. The cost of the mixture is lower and it is more efficient as said construction building material mixture is formed of granule or micron particles of natural gypsum and/or natural hemihydrate gypsum and/or natural anhydrite material.

Methods for making ceramic articles, and methods for reducing extrusion pressure during processes of making ceramic articles, are disclosed. The methods include mixing a ceramic batch composition comprising amylose and amylopectin in an amylose:amylopectin ratio ranging from about 30:70 to about 95:5, and extruding the ceramic batch composition through an extrusion die to form an extruded green ceramic article.

Methods for making ceramic articles, and methods for reducing extrusion pressure during processes of making ceramic articles, are disclosed. The methods include mixing a ceramic batch composition comprising amylose and amylopectin in an amylose:amylopectin ratio ranging from about 30:70 to about 95:5, and extruding the ceramic batch composition through an extrusion die to form an extruded green ceramic article.

Compositions and methods are disclosed for sealing subterranean spaces such as natural or induced fractures, vugs or annular spaces. The composition is composed of a base fluid consisting of a soluble alkali silicate, a gas generating additive, water, solids, and a setting agent. The gas generating additive may be coated or uncoated. The gas generating additive may also be in the form of a slurry. In the case of coated additives, the coating may act as a retarder or an accelerator to the expansion and setting agent of the soluble alkali silica. Similarly, the choice of carrier fluid in a slurry may retard or accelerate the expansion and setting of the alkali silicate-based plug.

A gypsum board according to the invention comprises calcium sulphate dihydrate; Tartaric acid in an amount in the range of 0.01 to 0.1% w based on the weight of calcium sulphate hemihydrate; A fluidizer in an amount of 1.0 to 10.0 kg/m.sup.3; Starch in an amount of 3.0 to 12.0 kg/m.sup.3.

According to one aspect, a plaster based construction material can include a gypsum based plaster, and at least 1 part by weight biochar per 100 parts by weight gypsum. The construction material can have a nail pull force according to ASTM C1396 of at least 51 lbf or a core hardness according to ASTM C473 Method B of at least 66 N.

According to another aspect, a plaster based construction material can include a gypsum based plaster, at least 1 part by weight bichar per 100 parts by weight gypsum, and a stable or unstable surfactant. The plaster based construction material may have a relatively improved mechanical strength.

The present application provides for water capsules, preparation methods of water capsules, a preparation method for lightweight concrete and a structure of lightweight concrete. Each of the water capsules comprises an alkali-sensitive shell and water inside; the water capsules are used to mix with a cementitious matrix, the water capsules can survive during concrete mixing and transportation processes but then gradually rupture in hardened concrete; the water released during the hardening of the concrete is beneficial for the hydration of the concrete. The water capsules and their preparation method, the preparation method for and structure of the lightweight concrete of the present application are of unique design and strong practicability.