A sole structure for an article of footwear includes a first midsole body and a second midsole body. The first midsole body defines a ground-facing surface and a foot-facing surface opposite the ground-facing surface and includes a first midsole material, which has a first hardness. The second midsole body extends through the first midsole body. As such, the second midsole body extends beyond the ground-facing surface of the first midsole body. The second midsole body includes a second midsole material, which has a second hardness, and the first hardness is greater than the second hardness.

A shoe sole includes an outsole having a contact surface, and a midsole arranged over the outsole, contacting with the outsole. The midsole defines a tunnel-shaped or groove-shaped hollow extending in a front-rear direction of a shoe. At least a part of the hollow is formed in a tunnel shape.

A sole structure for an article of footwear has a sole plate that may include a midfoot region, and also may include a forefoot region or a heel region. The sole plate may have a foot-facing surface with ridges extending longitudinally in the midfoot region and in the forefoot region or heel region. The sole plate may have a ground-facing surface with grooves extending longitudinally in correspondence with the ridges. A thickness of the sole plate from the foot-facing surface to the ground-facing surface may vary at a transverse cross-section of the sole plate through the ridges, or along a length of at least one of the ridges, or at both the transverse cross-section and along the length of the at least one of the ridges. The ridges may have crests at least some of which may extend non-parallel with one another in a longitudinal direction of the sole plate.

Footwear includes structural features that may provide one or more of the following features or functions: (a) help “lock” the wearer to the ground under torsional forces induced in the leg/foot (e.g., by a golf swing or other activities); (b) help provide stable support, e.g., at the medial heel and/or lateral forefoot areas; (c) help support and prevent undesired distortion of the footwear upper, e.g., when torsional forces are applied; and/or (d) help provide a very stable and secure feel and fit by securing across the instep portion of the foot, e.g., in a forward lateral-to-rear medial direction (e.g., between medial heel and lateral forefoot sidewall supports).

A shock absorber includes a three-dimensional structure composed of a unit structure repeatedly, regularly and continuously arranged in at least one direction, the unit structure being a three-dimensional shape formed by a wall having an external shape defined by a pair of parallel planes or curved surfaces. In the shock absorber, a differently shaped portion which does not correspond to the wall defining the unit structure is locally provided in a shock absorbing region which is a region in which the three-dimensional structure has the unit structure disposed.

A shock absorber includes a three-dimensional structure composed of a unit structure repeatedly, regularly and continuously arranged in at least one direction, the unit structure being a three-dimensional shape formed by a wall having an external shape defined by a pair of parallel planes or curved surfaces. When the unit structure occupies a cuboidal space representing a unit space and defined by mutually orthogonal three sides having a first side extending in an axial direction in which the shock absorber exhibits a shock absorbing function as the shock absorber receives a load and second and third sides each extending from one end of the first side in a direction orthogonal to the axial direction, and the first side has a length L1 and a longer one of the second and third sides has a length L2, the shock absorber satisfies 1.1≤L1/L2≤4.0.

Foot support members, e.g., sole structures for articles of footwear, include dynamically transformable portions, e.g., to change a dimension and/or apply a tensile or compressive force to some portion of an article of footwear or other foot-receiving device. Such foot support members may include a flexible support member having a wave shaped portion that flexes under an applied force. Flexing of this wave shaped portion under weight of a wearer produces: (a) a change in at least one of a longitudinal or transverse dimension of the foot support member, (b) application of a compressive or tensile force to the plantar support component and/or another part of the foot support member, article of footwear, or other foot-receiving device, (c) flattening of the wave shaped portion, and/or (d) compressing the wave shaped portion together (e.g., to fold up, decrease in overall height, etc.).

A sole structure for an article of footwear comprises a midsole system with a plurality of cushioning units, each having multiple cushioning layers configured to work together as a system to absorb a compressive load, such as a dynamic compressive load due to impact with the ground, in stages of progressive cushioning according to the relative stiffness values of the layers. Various midsole systems disclosed include isolated cushioning units, linked cushioning units, sole layers having stanchions interfacing with the midsole system, midsole systems with sole layers having keyed and unkeyed portions overlying a bladder, and midsole systems with vertically-stacked cushioning units disposed in inverted relationship to one another.

A footwear having a shock attenuating and cushioning sole is provided, including a base to which first and second wave elements are joined, each element including alternating crests and troughs. The crests are wide and can each form a ground contact surface, whereas the troughs can be narrower than the crests. Crests of one element are disposed adjacent the troughs of another element. The widths of the crests to those of the troughs can be in at least a 2:1 ratio. Forward and rearward ends of the elements are connected to the base, and the troughs intermittently join with the base to secure the elements between the ends and to impair lateral movement. Different groups of wave elements can be grouped together to form a forefoot section, a heel section and/or an arch section, with the sections separated from and compressible independent of the other sections.

Foot support members, e.g., sole structures for articles of footwear, include dynamically transformable portions, e.g., to change a dimension and/or apply a tensile or compressive force to some portion of an article of footwear or other foot-receiving device. Such foot support members may include a flexible support member having a wave shaped portion that flexes under an applied force. Flexing of this wave shaped portion under weight of a wearer produces: (a) a change in at least one of a longitudinal or transverse dimension of the foot support member, (b) application of a compressive or tensile force to the plantar support component and/or another part of the foot support member, article of footwear, or other foot-receiving device, (c) flattening of the wave shaped portion, and/or (d) compressing the wave shaped portion together (e.g., to fold up, decrease in overall height, etc.).