A geopolymer material made from principal minerals, which comprises SiO.sub.2, Al.sub.2O.sub.3, Fe.sub.2O.sub.3, TiO.sub.2, and optionally trace amounts of calcium. Also disclosed are cementitious material comprised of the geopolymer and concrete made from mixing the geopolymer cementitious material with an alkaline solution. Methods of making the geopolymer composite as well as methods of making the geopolymer concrete are also disclosed.

A composition configured to be mixed with cement, and associated systems and methods are disclosed herein. In some embodiments, the composition includes at least 10% by weight lime particles, and at least 35% by weight pozzolan particles. Properties of the composition can include a magnesium oxide concentration of at least 0.5%, and an iron oxide concentration of at least 0.5-2.0%, an aluminum oxide concentration of 2-8%, a silicon dioxide concentration of 20-40%, a potassium oxide concentration of 20,000-30,000 ppm, and a sodium oxide concentration of 10,000-20,000 ppm. In some embodiments, the lime-based cement extender composition, or product, is combined with cement to produce a cement blend for use in the mining industry as mine backfill.

Described herein are compositions and methods for waste-to-energy ash in engineered aggregate in road construction.

Concrete compositions containing cement, a fine aggregate such as sand, a coarse aggregate such as crushed limestone, an industrial waste material such as electric arc furnace dust, cement kiln dust, oil ash, or limestone powder. High performance concretes made therefrom and methods of producing such concretes are also specified. The addition of industrial waste materials and nano silica provides enhanced mechanical strength (e.g. compressive strength, flexural strength) and improved durability (e.g. resistance to penetration of chloride ions) to the high performance concretes.

Disclosed herein are building products comprising a polyurethane formed by the reaction of at least one isocyanate selected from the group consisting of diisocyanates, polyisocyanates and mixtures thereof and at least one polyol in the presence of fly ash and a non-silicone surfactant, wherein, the fly ash is present in an amount from 40% to 90% by weight based on the total weight of the building product; and wherein, the non-silicone surfactant is present in an amount from 0.5% to 2.2% by weight of polyol used to form the polyurethane. The building products possess desirable surfaces that are substantially free of pinholes, while also possessing a modulus, and other properties, that is comparable to or greater than that of building products substantially free of a non-silicone surfactant. Also disclosed are methods for producing the building products.

According to some embodiments, a curable mixture configured to set in the presence of water, wherein the mixture comprises magnesium oxide, a primary cementitious component and at least one accelerant. A proportion by weight of the primary cementitious component is 80% to 120% of a proportion of magnesium oxide by weight.

Alkali activated concrete compositions containing natural pozzolan, ground granulated blast furnace slag, alkali activators such as an alkali hydroxide and an alkali silicate, and optionally fine and coarse aggregates. Alkali activated concretes made therefrom and methods of making such concretes are also specified. The inclusion of ground granulated blast furnace slag provides significantly superior mechanical strength (e.g. compressive strength) to the alkali activated concretes within 12-24 hours of curing at 30-60 C.

Materials and methods for joining wallboard panels may include joint compounds that include one or more filler materials (e.g., perlite, calcium carbonate, kaolin, and attapulgite), binder materials (e.g., polyvinyl acetates, acrylics, polyvinyl alcohols, re-dispersible powders, ethylene vinyl acetates, and starches), additives (e.g., hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose, preservatives, Potassium Bitartrate, antifreeze and/or plasticizers), thickeners, and/or suspending agents.

Hexavalent chromium-free slurries are provided that are capable of achieving a full cure at temperatures as low as 330-450 degrees F., thus making the coatings especially suitable for application on temperature sensitive base materials. The slurries are suitable in the production of protective coating systems formed by novel silicate-based basecoats that are sealed with novel phosphate-based topcoats. The coating systems exhibit acceptable corrosion and heat resistance and are capable of replacing traditional chromate-containing coating systems.

Aqueous cementitious slurries including predominantly Type I Portland cement containing an aluminate additive. The aluminate additive is an aluminate salt other than calcium aluminate or calcium sulfoaluminate, preferably sodium aluminate. Cementitious reactive powders of the slurry include the Type I Portland cement and 0.1-10 wt. % of the aluminate additive as an accelerator. The slurries may have a set time of about 10 minutes or less. Due to the short set time, the cementitious reactive powders may facilitate cement board fabrication by continuous manufacturing processes. Methods for making cement boards may include disposing the aqueous cementitious slurry including the cementitious reactive powders in a continuous layer, preferably upon a porous support, and setting the aqueous cementitious slurry with a set time of about 10 minutes or less.