An improved lime mud recycling system including a camera proximate the kiln outlet imaging the granular lime and providing outlet images of the granular lime exiting the kiln, a processor analyzing the outlet images of the granular lime and providing pebble size distributions for the granular lime exiting the kiln, as well as a controller communicating with the processor comparing the pebble size distribution of the granular lime exiting the kiln with predetermined prescribed operating parameters for pebble size distributions for the granular lime exiting the kiln and issuing (I) a notification and/or (II) a control signal prompting remedial action when the pebble size distributions for the granular lime exiting the kiln are outside of the predetermined prescribed operating parameters.

A method for preparing iron alloy and a cement material, in the field of solid waste recycling, provides an efficient, synergistic effect between main components of carbon, calcium and heavy metal in municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) fly ash and main components of iron, aluminum and silicon in red mud, so that the iron alloy and cement material can be readily obtained. By using waste to treat waste and using the complementarity of the components of two waste streams, carbon in the MSWI fly ash may provide a reductant to accelerate an iron mineral in the red mud to reduce into metal iron. With the formation of the metal iron, a siderophile heavy metal element in the MSWI fly ash is also accelerated to enter an iron phase. Meanwhile, the cement material is formed by Al.sub.2O.sub.3 and SiO.sub.2 in the red mud and CaO in the MSWI fly ash.

Disclosed herein is a method and an apparatus for producing a shaped article. The method comprises obtaining a freshly produced aluminosilicate-containing particulate waste material and, before the waste material cools to ambient temperature, mixing the waste material into a mixture, wherein the mixture comprises the aluminosilicate, a metal oxide, an alkali, a water soluble silicate and water; shaping the mixture; and curing the shaped mixture, whereby the shaped article is produced.

In various aspects, systems and methods are provided for operating a molten carbonate fuel cell, such as a fuel cell assembly, with increased production of syngas while also reducing or minimizing the amount of CO.sub.2 exiting the fuel cell in the cathode exhaust stream. This can allow for improved efficiency of syngas production while also generating electrical power.

The present concrete composition uses Asian carp fishmeal (the burned remains of the carp) as an admixture. The core principle behind the development of present concrete composition stems from attempting to find a beneficial use for a waste product in a civil engineering application. The incorporation of the fishmeal improves the cementitious properties when added to a concrete mix. Thus, the fishmeal concrete composition incentivizes the harvesting of Asian carp and the production of fishmeal.

A process for producing a syngas containing CO and H.sub.2 from a stream of light hydrocarbons and from combustion flue gases from a cement clinker production unit comprising at least one calcining kiln (300), and a means for discharging the combustion flue gases (500) from the calcining kiln to the outside of said unit, said process comprising the following steps: at least some of the combustion flue gases (70) obtained in said clinker production unit are collected upstream of said means for discharging the combustion flue gases (500); a reaction stream (113) comprising a stream of light hydrocarbons (110) containing methane and the combustion flue gases (70) is prepared; said reaction stream (113) is sent to a tri-reforming reactor (1009) to obtain a syngas (114).

Reaction schemes involving acids and bases; reactors comprising spatially varying chemical composition gradients (e.g., spatially varying pH gradients), and associated systems and methods, are generally described.

In methods of and/or plants for manufacturing cement clinker, the amount of chloride bypass exhaust gas 79 can be substantially decreased, when using previously cooled chloride bypass exhaust gas 81 and/or cooled kiln exhaust gas as coolant for the chloride bypass exhaust gas 39 prior to deducting the chloride bypass exhaust gas 39.

Reaction schemes involving acids and bases; reactors comprising spatially varying chemical composition gradients (e.g., spatially varying pH gradients), and associated systems and methods, are generally described.

A hydrocarbon feed stream is exposed to heat in an absence of oxygen to the convert the hydrocarbon feed stream into a solids stream and a gas stream. The gas stream is separated into an exhaust gas stream and hydrogen. The carbon is separated from the solids stream as a carbon stream. Electrolysis is performed on a water stream to produce an oxygen stream and hydrogen. The oxygen and a portion of the carbon are combined to generate power and a carbon dioxide stream. At least a portion of the carbon stream, cement, and water are mixed to form a concrete mixture. The concrete mixture can be used to produce ready-mix concrete and precast concrete. Carbon dioxide used for curing the concrete can be sourced from the carbon dioxide stream produced by power generation.