In various embodiments, the present disclosure provides composting materials and methods of making the same.

A mineral organic fertilizer composition obtained by a process comprising the following steps performed homogeneously mix having a specific predetermined percentage (%) by weight relative to the total weight of the mineral organic fertilizer composition, specifically homogeneously mix a coal slag composition, the micronutrient solution with the manure composition to form a homogeneous mixture, in which, the homogeneous mixture is added with microbiological composition; composting the homogeneous mixture to form a foundation mixture; homogeneously mix the foundation mixture with the different mixing components comprising an NPK fertilizer and a mixture of micronutrient solutions and microbiological composition having a predetermined percentage (%) weight, and then drying or centrifuged.

A concentrated aqueous suspension of microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) comprising salts for plant nutrition, the concentrated aqueous suspension comprises microfibrillated linear polymers of D-glucose molecules homogenized through a fibrillation process (cellulose microfibers), calcium ions, sulfate ions and other substances for plant nutrition, being the concentration of calcium ions and sulfate ions in excess of the concentration corresponding to the solubility of calcium sulfate in water and being the proportion of microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) within a range of 1% and 99% w/w of the suspension.

A method for producing an organic fertilizer enabling an increased microbial diversity and abundance in soil, and use of the organic fertilizer are provided. The method comprises composting fresh S. alopecuroides plants together with sheep and/or goat manure through anaerobic fermentation. It is found through experiments that, by applying the organic fertilizer produced by the method to a soil in which melon plants are grown, both abundance of bacterial and fungal communities in the rhizosphere of the plants and contents of soluble solids and sugar in fruit of the plants are increased. By a combination of taxonomic composition of the microbial communities in the rhizosphere and RDA analysis, it is further found that abundance of multiple bacterial and fungal species conducive to growth and disease resistance of the plants, is substantially increased and positively correlated with the soluble solids and sugar contents in the fruit.

A food recycler can include a bucket with a certain configuration for processing waste food. A bucket includes an interior surface having thereon a set of projections. A grinding mechanism includes a first arm connected to a rotational member, the first arm having a first distal end adjacent to the interior surface of the bucket and that has notches that are complementary to the projections. A second arm has a second distal end also having notches complementary to projections. Waste food is processed with the grinding mechanism.

Devices, systems, and methods for drying a bulk waste product, such as animal waste, having a moisture content of 95% or more water can include a trough configured to receive the bulk waste product and to dispense it in a form suitable for convective drying, one or more conveyors having an air-permeable conveyor belt, each conveyor receiving the waste product from the trough and transporting the waste product along a transport path; and one or more air moving devices (AMDs) that pass air through the air-permeable conveyor belt and across the waste product as it is transported along the transport path to transform the bulk waste product into a dried waste product having a moisture content of about 5% to about 20%, inclusive.

A carbon hydrogen core fertilizer is provided, consisting components as follows: 14 wt % to 16 wt % of polyglutamic acid, 16 wt % to 18 wt % of amino acid, 13 wt % to 14 wt % of oligose, 23 wt % to 25 wt % of seaweed, 2 wt % to 4 wt % of organosilicon, 10 wt % to 12 wt % of chitosan oligosaccharide, and the balance of water. With the carbon hydrogen core fertilizer, carbon dioxide in the air can be adsorbed and enriched around stems and leaves of plants for the plants to absorb, thereby strengthening photosynthesis, increasing a photosynthetic rate, inhibiting photorespiration, accelerating the yield of chlorophyll, improving and strengthening the growth of crops and the accumulation of dry matter, and realizing the increase of the yield and income of the crops.

A pasture grass substrate includes a dry material and water. The dry material includes pasture grasses, corncobs and rice brans. The weight ratio of the pasture grasses in the dry material is from 55% to 75%. The weight ratio of the corncobs in the dry material is from 20% to 30%. The weight ratio of the rice brans in the dry material is from 5% to 15%. The incubating methods of mushrooms are also disclosed.

A food recycler can include a case having a case volume between 8.79 liters and 35 liters, a control system, a user interface in electrical communication with the control system, and a bucket being configured with a bucket volume, wherein a ratio of the bucket volume to the case volume is between 0.0717 and 0.2857. The recycler can include a motor in communication with the control system, the motor being configured adjacent at least in part to the bucket, a gearbox configured below the bucket and in mechanical communication with the motor, a filter system having at least one filter and configured to receive air from a top portion of the bucket and a drying component configured to remove water from waste food items.

A system and a method for treating biomass with a gas includes at least one conduit having at least one biomass inlet and at least one biomass outlet, at least one gas inlet and at least one gas outlet. The system further includes a transport unit configured to move the biomass through the conduit from the at least one biomass inlet to the at least one biomass outlet thereby defining a biomass transport direction. The system is configured such that gas flowing from the at least one gas inlet to the at least one gas outlet crosses the biomass transport direction.