A method for preparing a plant derived product or a process intermediate or a process input, the method comprising the steps of providing a plant derived starting material, subjecting the starting material to a forward osmosis step against a draw solution so as to produce a plant material concentrate, and subjecting the draw solution to a water removal step. The water removal step may include further forward osmosis in combination with an evaporator system.

A method for cultivation and processing of sugar beets the includes steps of: providing the sugar beets and/or sugar beet seedlings in a first step; supplying the sugar beets and/or the sugar beet seedlings with a nutrient solution during growth in a second step; harvesting at least partially fully grown sugar beets in a third step; processing the harvested sugar beets in a sugar production plant in order to extract sugar from the sugar beets in a fourth step; the nutrient solution used in the second step is at least partially obtained by recovering water in the fourth step which is recycled in the second step.

Methods and systems disclosed herein can treat biomass compositions to produce valuable products, reduce emissions, and decarbonize biomass. The biomass compositions can be raw biomass (e.g., green, woody-plant derived) or waste biomass (e.g., industrial waste, pulp and paper processes, construction materials). The biomass compositions can be mixed with a reagent to form a mixture. The reagent can include ammonia. The mixture can be reacted to separate one or more components from the biomass and form a treated biomass composition. The one or more components can include lignin, polylactic acid, carbon oxides, methane, minerals, volatiles, or semi-volatiles. The treated biomass can be dried and processed into heating pellets that have higher calorific value and fewer emissions than conventional heating chips. The separated components can be used to produce valuable products, such as wood composites, bioplastics, fertilizer, fuels, lignin anodes for batteries, additives, glues, resins, and bio-based carbon fiber.

The application provides a preparation method and use of a diatom-bacterium symbiotic organic liquid fertilizer, and belongs to the technical field of biological fertilizers. The preparation method of the diatom-bacterium symbiotic organic liquid fertilizer includes the following steps: (1) mixing a compound bacterial powder with a waste liquid organic matter to allow first fermentation to obtain a small-molecule organic liquid fertilizer; (2) mixing diatom with the small-molecule organic liquid fertilizer to allow second fermentation to obtain a bio-organic fertilizer; and (3) mixing a microbial inoculant with the bio-organic fertilizer to allow third fermentation to obtain the diatom-bacterium symbiotic organic liquid fertilizer. In the application, the diatom-bacterium symbiotic organic liquid fertilizer prepared by the preparation method is used for soil improvement. The organic liquid fertilizer can not only effectively improve soil, enhance fertilizer utilization, and increase crop yield and quality, but also can achieve resource utilization of waste.

An organic fertilization method is provided using a pH adjusted betaine based organic fertilizer product. The pH adjusted betaine based organic fertilizer product is created by combining betaine and one or more pH adjusting materials and optionally heating, optionally filtering, and optionally cooling the combination of betaine and pH adjusting material. The pH adjusted betaine based organic fertilizer product is then made available for or is optionally applied to agricultural vegetation in one or more forms and by one or more methods.

An organic fertilization method is provided using a pH adjusted betaine based organic fertilizer product. The pH adjusted betaine based organic fertilizer product is created by combining betaine and one or more pH adjusting materials and optionally heating, optionally filtering, and optionally cooling the combination of betaine and pH adjusting material. The pH adjusted betaine based organic fertilizer product is then made available for or is optionally applied to agricultural vegetation in one or more forms and by one or more methods.

An organic fertilization method is provided using a pH adjusted betaine based organic fertilizer product. The pH adjusted betaine based organic fertilizer product is created by combining betaine and pH adjusting material and optionally heating, optionally filtering, and optionally cooling the combination of betaine and pH adjusting material. The pH adjusted betaine based organic fertilizer product is applied to agricultural vegetation in one of multiple forms and by one of multiple methods.

An organic fertilization method is provided using a pH adjusted betaine based organic fertilizer product. The pH adjusted betaine based organic fertilizer product is created by combining betaine and pH adjusting material and optionally heating, optionally filtering, and optionally cooling the combination of betaine and pH adjusting material. The pH adjusted betaine based organic fertilizer product is applied to agricultural vegetation in one of multiple forms and by one of multiple methods.

An organic fertilization method is provided using a pH adjusted betaine based organic fertilizer product. The pH adjusted betaine based organic fertilizer product is created by combining betaine and pH adjusting material and optionally heating, optionally filtering, and optionally cooling the combination of betaine and pH adjusting material. The pH adjusted betaine based organic fertilizer product is applied to agricultural vegetation in one of multiple forms and by one of multiple methods.

An organic fertilization method is provided using a pH adjusted betaine based organic fertilizer product. The pH adjusted betaine based organic fertilizer product is created by combining betaine and pH adjusting material and optionally heating, optionally filtering, and optionally cooling the combination of betaine and pH adjusting material. The pH adjusted betaine based organic fertilizer product is applied to agricultural vegetation in one of multiple forms and by one of multiple methods.