A kneading method for kneading a mixture by repetitively forming a compressed space that is formed by an expanding-contracting body of a segment in an open state and an expanding-contracting body of a segment in a closed state adjacent to the segment in the open state and filled with the mixture in a compressed state pressed by the expanding-contracting body, by changing a combination of an operation state of each of the plurality of segments.

Explosive compositions for use in high temperature, reactive ground, or both, are disclosed. The explosive compositions can include an emulsion with a continuous organic fuel phase and a discontinuous oxidizer phase. The oxidizer phase can include one or more Group I or Group II nitrates.

A method of preparing gunpowder includes selecting a known combination of chemicals used in making gunpowder; mixing the known combination of chemicals and a measurement of liquid ammonia at a predetermined temperature; stirring the chemicals and liquid ammonia with a laboratory mechanical stirrer, causing the chemicals to blend at a molecular level; raising the temperature of the mixture, causing the liquid ammonia to evaporate from the mixture, while keeping the mixture significantly below ignition temperature; allowing the remaining mixture to warm, thereby reducing the risk of ignition; and resulting in a fine gunpowder mixture, with no water content and limited recrystallization of the chemicals.

The present invention relates to a manufactured graphene/metal or metalloid core-shell composite and manufacturing method thereof. The method comprising: using a modified graphene oxide as a base, then performing concentration and steam drying followed by organic solvent replacement to obtain a modified graphene oxide organic solvent; using a liquid-phase self-assembly method to coat the modified graphene oxide onto a surface of the metal or metalloid to form a graphene/metal or metalloid coated particle solution, then filtering and drying to obtain the graphene metal/metalloid core-shell composite. The method improves upon a conventional organic and inorganic material coating technique, and reduces an impact of a water-based solvent and high temperature on a highly reactive metal and metalloid, thereby expanding the feasibility of the coating technique and addressing a barrier of applicability of graphene and reactive metal or metalloid in the field of energetic materials.

Explosive compositions for use in high temperature, reactive ground, or both, are disclosed. The explosive compositions can include an emulsion with a continuous organic fuel phase and a discontinuous oxidizer phase. The oxidizer phase can include one or more Group I or Group II nitrates.

The present invention relates generally to an explosive composition comprising an aqueous emulsion of: an oxidizer component, a hydrocarbon fuel component containing emulsifier, and a bulking agent being a fuel-type waste material in a solid particulate form substantially lacking rough surfaces and sharp edges. Preferably the composition is of an ammonium nitrate based emulsion and a pelletised bulking agent. It also involves a method of providing an explosive composition to a blast site using a conventional mobile processing unit (MPU), being a truck having separate compartments adapted for holding fuel oil, dry ammonium nitrate prill, and ammonium nitrate based emulsion, where a compartment instead holds particulate waste material. It also concerns a method of blasting soft and wet ground, which comprises injecting into one or more blast holes in the soft and wet ground a sufficient quantity of the composition, and then setting off the composition.

A method continuously produces emulsion explosive by emulsification and sensitization in a static state without a loading pump. After the water phase and oil phase enters a static emulsifier for emulsification, the emulsion enters a static sensitization device; the sensitizer enters the static sensitization device through the sensitizer charging inlet and mixes with the emulsion in the static sensitization device. After emulsification and sensitization, the sensitized explosive directly enters an injection pipe for encapsulation. By adopting the static emulsifier and sensitization device, the explosive material storage amount is greatly reduced, and mechanical stirring and shearing for emulsification is avoided. Meanwhile, mechanical mixing for sensitization is omitted and replaced with full-static high-temperature sensitization, and the safety of sensitization is improved. The loading pump is omitted, and the sensitized emulsion directly enters the injection pipe, thus the risk points in the production process and the online explosive material storage amount are reduced.

A processing vessel (1) provided with a material inlet (2, 3, 4, 5) and a processed material outlet (25) wherein the material flows continuously through the vessel which is split into a series of zones (6, 7, 8) through which the material passes wherein the zones are shielded from each other by controlling the rate at which the material flows and an increasing level of vacuum is applied inconsecutive zones and the system is provided with acoustic energy which imparts energy to the process material by virtue of the contact between the zone dividers and the process material and processing material in such a vessel.

Described are energetic compositions formed of a 5,5-bistetrazole salt and a perchlorate salt, in which the energetic composition is a co-precipitated product. The 5,5-bistetrazole salt and the perchlorate salt can be dipotassium 5,5-bistetrazole and potassium perchlorate. The energetic composition can have a particle size distribution between 1-50 micron and/or a mean volume diameter of less than 30 micron. In a low energy electro-explosive device, an ignition element is at least partially surrounded by an acceptor formed of this energetic composition, and the ignition element can be a bridgewire, a thin film bridge, a semiconductor bridge, or a reactive semiconductor bridge.

A method of producing K.sub.2DNABT wherein a biztetrazole intermediate is nitrated using a nitrating agent selected from the following: dinitronium disulphate; a mixture of nitric acid and sulfuric acid; a mixture of nitric acid and phosphorous pentoxide; and nitric acid with acetic anhydride.