What is presented is a combustible pellet for creating heated gas. The combustible pellet is insertable into a cutting apparatus or a high power igniter or both. The combustible pellet is compacted to be resistant to mechanical damage and is resistant to unintentional ignition. The combustible pellet is ignitable without a loose powdered form of combustible material when the combustible pellet is in the cutting apparatus or the high power igniter.

What is presented is a combustible pellet for creating heated gas. The combustible pellet is insertable into a cutting apparatus or a high power igniter or both. The combustible pellet is compacted to be resistant to mechanical damage and is resistant to unintentional ignition. The combustible pellet is ignitable without a loose powdered form of combustible material when the combustible pellet is in the cutting apparatus or the high power igniter.

A gas generant composition for an automotive inflatable restraint system includes one or more: fuels, such as guanidine nitrate; oxidizers, such as basic copper nitrate; and an alkaline earth zirconium oxide. The gas generant composition is substantially free of potassium perchlorate. The alkaline earth zirconium oxide may be barium zirconate (BaZrO.sub.3), calcium zirconate (CaZrO.sub.3), and/or strontium zirconate (SrZrO.sub.3). The alkaline earth zirconium oxide may be present at about 0.1% by mass to about 6% by mass of the gas generant composition. Such gas generants may be cool burning (e.g., a maximum flame temperature at combustion (T.sub.c) of about 1700K (1,427 C.)), have a linear burn rate of about 20 mm per second at a pressure of about 21 MPa and a linear burn rate pressure exponent (n) of about 0.35. Method of making such gas generants are also provided.

A gas generator 10 includes a composition that contains a nonmetal perchlorate such as ammonium perchlorate as a first oxidizer, a secondary metal nitrate oxidizer such as strontium nitrate or sodium nitrate, a first fuel such as maleic hydrazide and salts thereof, and a second nitrogen-containing fuel such as nitroguanidine or guanidine nitrate. Gas generating systems 180 such as vehicle occupant protection systems 180, containing the gas generator 10, are also provided.

Cool burning gas generant compositions for an automotive inflatable restraint system are provided that include a bismuth-containing compound selected from the group consisting of: bismuth citrate, bismuth subsalicylate, bismuth hydroxide, copper bismuth hydroxy nitrate, bismuth subcarbonate, bismuth suboxalate, and combinations thereof. The gas generant comprises at least one copper-containing component. The gas generant includes at least one oxidizer, fuel, and optional coolant. The maximum flame temperature at combustion (T.sub.c) of less than or equal to about 1700K (1,427 C.). The cool burning gas generant composition generates liquid phase combustion products making it suitable for use in a filterless inflatable restraint system. Copper and bismuth present in the cool burning gas generant composition react to form an alloy having a melting point at or near the maximum flame temperature at combustion (T.sub.c).

Cool burning gas generant compositions for an automotive inflatable restraint system are provided that include a bismuth-containing compound selected from the group consisting of: bismuth citrate, bismuth subsalicylate, bismuth hydroxide, copper bismuth hydroxy nitrate, bismuth subcarbonate, bismuth suboxalate, and combinations thereof. The gas generant comprises at least one copper-containing component. The gas generant includes at least one oxidizer, fuel, and optional coolant. The maximum flame temperature at combustion (T.sub.c) of less than or equal to about 1700K (1,427 C.). The cool burning gas generant composition generates liquid phase combustion products making it suitable for use in a filterless inflatable restraint system. Copper and bismuth present in the cool burning gas generant composition react to form an alloy having a melting point at or near the maximum flame temperature at combustion (T.sub.c).

A setting tool for deploying a downhole tool within a wellbore is described herein. The setting tool uses an in situ non-explosive gas-generating power source to generate high-pressure gas, which drives a mechanical linkage to actuate the deployment of the downhole tool. According to certain embodiments the non-explosive gas-generating setting tool contains no hydraulic stages and may contain only a single piston. The setting tool may be fitted to provide different stroke lengths and can provide usable power over a greater percentage of its stroke length, compared to setting tools using explosive/pyrotechnic power sources. Methods of using a non-explosive gas-generating setting tool to deploy a downhole tool within a wellbore are also disclosed.

A setting tool for deploying a downhole tool within a wellbore is described herein. The setting tool uses an in situ non-explosive gas-generating power source to generate high-pressure gas, which drives a mechanical linkage to actuate the deployment of the downhole tool. According to certain embodiments the non-explosive gas-generating setting tool contains no hydraulic stages and may contain only a single piston. The setting tool may be fitted to provide different stroke lengths and can provide usable power over a greater percentage of its stroke length, compared to setting tools using explosive/pyrotechnic power sources. Methods of using a non-explosive gas-generating setting tool to deploy a downhole tool within a wellbore are also disclosed.

Provided is a gas-generating agent composition containing the components (a) to (d) below, in which an average particle size of the following component (d) basic magnesium carbonate is 12 m or less: (a) guanidine nitrate; (b) a basic metal nitrate; (c) a binder; and (d) basic magnesium carbonate.

Provided is a gas-generating agent composition containing the components (a) to (d) below, in which an average particle size of the following component (d) basic magnesium carbonate is 12 m or less: (a) guanidine nitrate; (b) a basic metal nitrate; (c) a binder; and (d) basic magnesium carbonate.