A palladium(II) complex of formula (1) or a palladium(II) complex of formula (3). ##STR00001##
Also, processes for the preparation of the complexes, and their use in carbon-carbon and carbon-heteroatom coupling reactions.

A palladium(II) complex of formula (1) or a palladium(II) complex of formula (3). ##STR00001##
Also, processes for the preparation of the complexes, and their use in carbon-carbon and carbon-heteroatom coupling reactions.

This invention relates generally to CH activated ruthenium olefin metathesis catalyst compounds which are stereogenic at the ruthenium center, to their preparation, and the use of such catalysts in the metathesis of olefins and olefin compounds. In particular, the invention relates to the use of CH activated ruthenium olefin metathesis catalyst compounds in Z-selective olefin metathesis reactions, enantio-selective olefin metathesis reactions, and enantio-Z-selective olefin metathesis reactions. The invention has utility in the fields of catalysis, organic synthesis, polymer chemistry, and industrial and fine chemicals chemistry.

This invention relates generally to CH activated ruthenium olefin metathesis catalyst compounds which are stereogenic at the ruthenium center, to their preparation, and the use of such catalysts in the metathesis of olefins and olefin compounds. In particular, the invention relates to the use of CH activated ruthenium olefin metathesis catalyst compounds in Z-selective olefin metathesis reactions, enantio-selective olefin metathesis reactions, and enantio-Z-selective olefin metathesis reactions. The invention has utility in the fields of catalysis, organic synthesis, polymer chemistry, and industrial and fine chemicals chemistry.

A palladium(II) complex of formula (1) or a palladium(II) complex of formula (3).

##STR00001##

Also, processes for the preparation of the complexes, and their use in carbon-carbon and carbon-heteroatom coupling reactions.

A palladium(II) complex of formula (1) or a palladium(II) complex of formula (3).

##STR00001##

Also, processes for the preparation of the complexes, and their use in carbon-carbon and carbon-heteroatom coupling reactions.

Synthesis of metallic glass nanoparticles and compositions thereof, including, particularly, the kinetically controlled synthesis of glass nanoparticles by flash carbothermic reactions and compositions thereof.

Synthesis of metallic glass nanoparticles and compositions thereof, including, particularly, the kinetically controlled synthesis of glass nanoparticles by flash carbothermic reactions and compositions thereof.

An object of the present disclosure is to provide a method for producing an organic compound, and a composition. The object is achieved by a method for producing a compound represented by formula (1): ##STR00001## wherein X represents O, an optionally substituted imino group, or S, R.sup.1 represents a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbyl group optionally having at least one substituent, and R.sup.2 represents a hydrogen atom or a monovalent organic group, or R.sup.1 and R.sup.2, together with X and one carbon atom respectively adjacent to R.sup.1 and R.sup.2, may form a heterocyclic ring optionally having at least one substituent, R.sup.3 represents a hydrogen atom or a monovalent organic group, and R.sup.4 represents CF.sub.2CH.sub.3 or CH.sub.2CHF.sub.2; the method including step A of reacting a compound represented by formula (2): ##STR00002## wherein the alphabetical symbols are as defined above, with vinylidene fluoride under light irradiation.