An object of the present disclosure is to provide a structured photocatalyst that can effectively prevent aggregation of photocatalyst particles and maintain favorable photocatalytic functionality over a long period of time. A structured photocatalyst including a support of porous structure including a zeolite-type compound and at least one photocatalytic substance present in the support, the support including channels connecting with each other, and the photocatalytic substance including metal oxide nanoparticles and being present at least at the channels of the support.

An object of the present disclosure is to provide a structured photocatalyst that can effectively prevent aggregation of photocatalyst particles and maintain favorable photocatalytic functionality over a long period of time. A structured photocatalyst including a support of porous structure including a zeolite-type compound and at least one photocatalytic substance present in the support, the support including channels connecting with each other, and the photocatalytic substance including metal oxide nanoparticles and being present at least at the channels of the support.

The invention provides a novel, general, and facile strategy for the creation of small molecules with high structural and stereochemical complexity. Aspects of the methods include ring system distortion reactions that are systematically applied to rapidly convert readily available natural products to structurally complex compounds with diverse molecular architectures. Through evaluation of chemical properties including fraction of sp.sup.3 carbons, ClogP, and the number of stereogenic centers, these compounds are shown to be significantly more complex and diverse than those in standard screening collections. This approach is demonstrated with natural products (gibberellic acid, adrenosterone, and quinine) from three different structural classes, and methods are described for the application of this strategy to any suitable natural product.

The invention provides a novel, general, and facile strategy for the creation of small molecules with high structural and stereochemical complexity. Aspects of the methods include ring system distortion reactions that are systematically applied to rapidly convert readily available natural products to structurally complex compounds with diverse molecular architectures. Through evaluation of chemical properties including fraction of sp.sup.3 carbons, ClogP, and the number of stereogenic centers, these compounds are shown to be significantly more complex and diverse than those in standard screening collections. This approach is demonstrated with natural products (gibberellic acid, adrenosterone, and quinine) from three different structural classes, and methods are described for the application of this strategy to any suitable natural product.

The invention a novel, general, and facile strategy for the creation of small molecules with high structural and stereochemical complexity. Aspects of the methods include ring system distortion reactions that are systematically applied to rapidly convert readily available natural products to structurally complex compounds with diverse molecular architectures. Through evaluation of chemical properties including fraction of sp.sup.3 carbons, ClogP, and the number of stereogenic centers, these compounds are shown to be significantly more complex and diverse than those in standard screening collections. This approach is demonstrated with natural products (gibberellic acid, adrenosterone, and quinine) from three different structural classes, and methods are described for the application of this strategy to any suitable natural product.

The invention a novel, general, and facile strategy for the creation of small molecules with high structural and stereochemical complexity. Aspects of the methods include ring system distortion reactions that are systematically applied to rapidly convert readily available natural products to structurally complex compounds with diverse molecular architectures. Through evaluation of chemical properties including fraction of sp.sup.3 carbons, ClogP, and the number of stereogenic centers, these compounds are shown to be significantly more complex and diverse than those in standard screening collections. This approach is demonstrated with natural products (gibberellic acid, adrenosterone, and quinine) from three different structural classes, and methods are described for the application of this strategy to any suitable natural product.

The present disclosure relates to methods of carbon-carbon bond fragmentation.

Disclosed is a method of preparing isobutene in which high-purity isobutene is separated (prepared) from a C.sub.4 mixture by cracking glycol ether prepared from a C.sub.4 mixture (in particular, C.sub.4 raffinate-1) containing isobutene and a glycol. The method includes cracking glycol ether into isobutene and glycol at a temperature between 50 C. and 300 C. in the presence of a strongly acidic catalyst. The glycol ether may be prepared by reaction between a C.sub.4 mixture containing isobutene and glycol in the presence of an acid catalyst.

Disclosed is a method of preparing isobutene in which high-purity isobutene is separated (prepared) from a C.sub.4 mixture by cracking glycol ether prepared from a C.sub.4 mixture (in particular, C.sub.4 raffinate-1) containing isobutene and a glycol. The method includes cracking glycol ether into isobutene and glycol at a temperature between 50 C. and 300 C. in the presence of a strongly acidic catalyst. The glycol ether may be prepared by reaction between a C.sub.4 mixture containing isobutene and glycol in the presence of an acid catalyst.

A system for decarboxylating and infusing an organic material is disclosed, including a heated reservoir including a spout to fittingly engage with a complimentary portion of a housing. The decarboxylation and infusion apparatus is in operable communication with a touchscreen user interface whereon a user selects decarboxylation and infusion settings, the heated reservoir including a mixing element to agitate an organic material and solvent disposed therein, the spout to prevent counterrotation caused by the mixing element. A fan actively cools the heated reservoir, the fan in communication with a vent having a filter, the vent to expel and deodorize air emitted therefrom.