Disclosed are a method for preparing an imidazole derivative and crystal form A and crystal form B thereof, and also disclosed is a method for preparing a compound of formula (I) and an intermediate thereof. ##STR00001##

Disclosed are a method for preparing an imidazole derivative and crystal form A and crystal form B thereof, and also disclosed is a method for preparing a compound of formula (I) and an intermediate thereof. ##STR00001##

The present invention relates to a novel process for the preparation of pantolactone by reaction of hydroxypivalaldehyde cyanohydrin in a phase separation process.

The present invention relates to a novel process for the preparation of pantolactone by reaction of hydroxypivalaldehyde cyanohydrin in a phase separation process.

Described herein are improved chemical reactors for carrying out partial oxidation reactions. The chemical reactor permits the use of levels of oxygen above the lower explosion limit (LEL) typically used in partial oxidation reactions, which increases both volumetric reactivity and conversion per pass, resulting in reduced separation and reactant recycle costs. Also described are methods of using the reactors.

The invention relates to bismuth perfluoroalkylphosphinates as Lewis acid catalysts, the compounds, and processes for the preparation thereof.

Ar.sub.xBi[OP(O)(R.sub.f).sub.2].sub.3-x(Ia),

Ar.sub.3Bi[OP(O)(R.sub.f).sub.2].sub.2(Ib).

A method of producing an aldehyde compound or a ketone compound by oxidation of a primary or secondary alcohol compound having, in the molecule, a group selected from an amino group, an azido group, a hydroxy group, and a hydroxy group protected with a protective group, the method containing the steps of: a first step including colliding and mixing the alcohol compound, a dialkyl sulfoxide having 2 to 8 carbon atoms, and an acid anhydride having 4 to 10 carbon atoms in a flow-through type reactor to cause a reaction; and a second step including colliding and mixing, in a flow-through type reactor, a trialkylamine having 3 to 10 carbon atoms and the mixture liquid obtained in the first step to cause a reaction;
wherein the reactions in the first step and the second step are sequentially performed.

A method of producing an aldehyde compound or a ketone compound by oxidation of a primary or secondary alcohol compound having, in the molecule, a group selected from an amino group, an azido group, a hydroxy group, and a hydroxy group protected with a protective group, the method containing the steps of: a first step including colliding and mixing the alcohol compound, a dialkyl sulfoxide having 2 to 8 carbon atoms, and an acid anhydride having 4 to 10 carbon atoms in a flow-through type reactor to cause a reaction; and a second step including colliding and mixing, in a flow-through type reactor, a trialkylamine having 3 to 10 carbon atoms and the mixture liquid obtained in the first step to cause a reaction;
wherein the reactions in the first step and the second step are sequentially performed.

The present invention relates to a process for preparing indacaterol or salts thereof. The process comprises of forming compound of Formula 1 by reacting compound of Formula 2 and compound of Formula 3 in the presence of a solvent to Form compound of Formula 4, which on removal of the protecting groups forms compound of Formula 1.

The present invention relates to a process for preparing indacaterol or salts thereof. The process comprises of forming compound of Formula 1 by reacting compound of Formula 2 and compound of Formula 3 in the presence of a solvent to Form compound of Formula 4, which on removal of the protecting groups forms compound of Formula 1.