The present disclosure is directed to fatty-acid glycerol ester derivative compounds containing a targeting bisphosphonate group. The disclosure further includes pharmaceutical or biomedical compositions comprising these compounds, and methods of using these compounds and compositions forming microbubbles. The microbubbles have affinity for metal-containing, especially calcium-containing, bodies and/or biological targets. In certain embodiments, these compositions are useful for providing targeted placement of microbubbles capable of cavitation on application of high frequency energy.

The present disclosure is directed to fatty-acid glycerol ester derivative compounds containing a targeting bisphosphonate group. The disclosure further includes pharmaceutical or biomedical compositions comprising these compounds, and methods of using these compounds and compositions forming microbubbles. The microbubbles have affinity for metal-containing, especially calcium-containing, bodies and/or biological targets. In certain embodiments, these compositions are useful for providing targeted placement of microbubbles capable of cavitation on application of high frequency energy.

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for producing a tobacco flavor liquid that is useful for smoking articles, the tobacco flavor liquid, a method for producing an ester compound, and a smoking article that contains the tobacco flavor liquid.

The method according to the present embodiment for producing a tobacco flavor liquid comprises: extracting a component from a starting tobacco material using an organic solvent to give a tobacco component-containing liquid; and, in an oxygen-containing atmosphere, mixing the tobacco component-containing liquid with an aqueous solution, which contains a basic substance and an alcohol, and reacting therewith to thereby give a tobacco flavor liquid.

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for producing a tobacco flavor liquid that is useful for smoking articles, the tobacco flavor liquid, a method for producing an ester compound, and a smoking article that contains the tobacco flavor liquid.

The method according to the present embodiment for producing a tobacco flavor liquid comprises: extracting a component from a starting tobacco material using an organic solvent to give a tobacco component-containing liquid; and, in an oxygen-containing atmosphere, mixing the tobacco component-containing liquid with an aqueous solution, which contains a basic substance and an alcohol, and reacting therewith to thereby give a tobacco flavor liquid.

An enzymatic process for producing fatty acid triglycerides using a lipase catalyst system that includes a mixture of a supported lipase catalyst and an additive, such as silica gel. The additive is used without adsorbing any of the acyl group donor or acyl group acceptor reactants onto the additive. Use of the catalyst system decreases production reaction time, decreases the temperatures required for reaction, and allows for a single reaction vessel. The catalyst system can be used to efficiently produce medium chain triglycerides or conjugated linoleic acid triglycerides.

An enzymatic process for producing fatty acid triglycerides using a lipase catalyst system that includes a mixture of a supported lipase catalyst and an additive, such as silica gel. The additive is used without adsorbing any of the acyl group donor or acyl group acceptor reactants onto the additive. Use of the catalyst system decreases production reaction time, decreases the temperatures required for reaction, and allows for a single reaction vessel. The catalyst system can be used to efficiently produce medium chain triglycerides or conjugated linoleic acid triglycerides.

The present disclosure is directed to fatty-acid glycerol ester derivative compounds containing a targeting bisphosphonate group. The disclosure further include pharmaceutical or biomedical compositions comprising these compounds, and methods of using these compounds and compositions forming microbubbles. The microbubbles have affinity for metal-containing, especially calcium-containing, bodies and/or biological targets. In certain embodiments, these compositions are useful for providing targeted placement of microbubbles capable of cavitation on application of high frequency energy.

The present disclosure is directed to fatty-acid glycerol ester derivative compounds containing a targeting bisphosphonate group. The disclosure further include pharmaceutical or biomedical compositions comprising these compounds, and methods of using these compounds and compositions forming microbubbles. The microbubbles have affinity for metal-containing, especially calcium-containing, bodies and/or biological targets. In certain embodiments, these compositions are useful for providing targeted placement of microbubbles capable of cavitation on application of high frequency energy.

The present invention relates to a method for producing a 1,3-dioxan-5-one by a short-step and simple method from raw materials that are procurable easily and inexpensively, using, as a raw material, a 1,3-dioxane that is a mixture containing a 1,3-dioxolane. Provided is a method for producing a 1,3-dioxan-5-one, including using a mixture of a compound represented by the following formula (I) and a compound represented by the following formula (II) as a raw material, the method including a step of oxidizing the mixture under an oxidative esterification condition (step 2): ##STR00001##
wherein, in the formulae (I) and (II), R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a monovalent hydrocarbon group, or R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are bonded to each other to form a divalent hydrocarbon group for constituting a ring structure.

The present invention is to provide a method of producing a glyceric acid ester which is easy for production and high in yield, and in which a pyridine to be used for the reaction is easily reused. Provided is a method of producing a compound represented by the following formula (II), including a step of oxidatively esterifying Compound A represented by the following formula (I) with Compound B selected from an organic nitroxyl radical, an N-hydroxy form thereof, and a salt containing an oxo ammonium cation of them, and an oxidizing agent in the presence of a pyridine having an alkyl substituent, wherein the use amount of Compound B is 0.0001 or more and 0.1 or less in terms of a molar ratio relative to Compound A: ##STR00001##
wherein, in the formulae (I) and (II), R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a monovalent hydrocarbon group, or R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are bonded to each other to form a divalent hydrocarbon group for constituting a ring structure.