The present disclosure is directed to fatty-acid glycerol ester derivative compounds containing a targeting bisphosphonate group. The disclosure further include pharmaceutical or biomedical compositions comprising these compounds, and methods of using these compounds and compositions forming microbubbles. The microbubbles have affinity for metal-containing, especially calcium-containing, bodies and/or biological targets. In certain embodiments, these compositions are useful for providing targeted placement of microbubbles capable of cavitation on application of high frequency energy.

The invention concerns a method for converting a feedstock selected from sugars or sugar alcohols, alone or in a mixture, into mono- or polyoxygenated compounds, wherein the feedstock is contacted with at least one heterogeneous catalyst comprising a support selected from perovskites of formula ABO.sub.3, in which A is selected from the elements Mg, Ca, Sr and Ba and B is selected from the elements Fe, Mn, Ti and Zr, and the oxides of elements selected from lanthanum, neodymium, yttrium and cerium, alone or in a mixture, which oxides can be doped with at least one element selected from alkali metals, alkaline earths and rare earths, in a reducing atmosphere, at a temperature of 100 C. to 300 C. and at a pressure of 0.1 MPa to 50 MPa.

The present invention relates to a liquid thioether carboxylic acid ester, a process for the preparation of the liquid thioether carboxylic acid ester, an article comprising the liquid thioether carboxylic acid ester as well as a use of the liquid thioether carboxylic acid ester as a component or substantial part of an optical system, tunable lens, adaptive optical module and materials thereof, actuator, electro-active polymer, laser and all related products, optical liquid, cover glass, lens or container material, tiltable prism or optical calibration liquid or optical refractive index matching liquid and a use of the liquid thioether carboxylic acid ester as a component or substantial part of a color filter, window material, coating, varnish, lacquer, dye or pigment formulation, immersion liquid, ingredient or additive in a plastic material or ingredient or additive in a polymer.

The present invention relates to a liquid thioether carboxylic acid ester, a process for the preparation of the liquid thioether carboxylic acid ester, an article comprising the liquid thioether carboxylic acid ester as well as a use of the liquid thioether carboxylic acid ester as a component or substantial part of an optical system, tunable lens, adaptive optical module and materials thereof, actuator, electro-active polymer, laser and all related products, optical liquid, cover glass, lens or container material, tiltable prism or optical calibration liquid or optical refractive index matching liquid and a use of the liquid thioether carboxylic acid ester as a component or substantial part of a color filter, window material, coating, varnish, lacquer, dye or pigment formulation, immersion liquid, ingredient or additive in a plastic material or ingredient or additive in a polymer.

A modified process for producing an esterified cellulose ether is provided which comprises the stages of i) preparing a reaction mixture comprising a cellulose ether, an aliphatic monocarboxylic acid anhydride, a dicarboxylic acid anhydride, and a reaction diluent and heating the reaction mixture to a temperature of from 60 C. to 110 C. prior to, during or after mixing the components of the reaction mixture to conduct an esterification reaction, and ii) before the esterification reaction is completed, adding an additional amount of reaction diluent continuously or in one or more portions to the reaction mixture and allowing the esterification reaction to further proceed.

A modified process for producing an esterified cellulose ether is provided which comprises the stages of i) preparing a reaction mixture comprising a cellulose ether, an aliphatic monocarboxylic acid anhydride, a dicarboxylic acid anhydride, and a reaction diluent and heating the reaction mixture to a temperature of from 60 C. to 110 C. prior to, during or after mixing the components of the reaction mixture to conduct an esterification reaction, and ii) before the esterification reaction is completed, adding an additional amount of reaction diluent continuously or in one or more portions to the reaction mixture and allowing the esterification reaction to further proceed.

The present invention relates to novel manganese complexes and their use, inter alia, for homogeneous catalysis in (1) the preparation of imine by dehydrogenative coupling of an alcohol and amine; (2) CC coupling in Michael addition reaction using nitriles as Michael donors; (3) dehydrogenative coupling of alcohols to give esters and hydrogen gas (4) hydrogenation of esters to form alcohols (including hydrogenation of cyclic esters (lactones) or cyclic di-esters (di-lactones), or polyesters); (5) hydrogenation of amides (including cyclic dipeptides, lactams, diamide, polypeptides and polyamides) to alcohols and amines (or diamine); (6) hydrogenation of organic carbonates (including polycarbonates) to alcohols or hydrogenation of carbamates (including polycarbamates) or urea derivatives to alcohols and amines; (7) dehydrogenation of secondary alcohols to ketones; (8) amidation of esters (i.e., synthesis of amides from esters and amines); (9) acylation of alcohols using esters; (10) coupling of alcohols with water and a base to form carboxylic acids; and (11) preparation of amino acids or their salts by coupling of amino alcohols with water and a base. (12) preparation of amides (including formamides, cyclic dipeptides, diamide, lactams, polypeptides and polyamides) by dehydrogenative coupling of alcohols and amines; (13) preparation of imides from diols.

The present invention relates to a novel polyfluorene appended with protected glutamic acid of Formula (I) for heterogeneous enantioselective separation and sensing of amino acids, amino alcohol, hydroxyl acid, sugar, aromatic drug and ascorbic acid from racemic mixture in water and process for preparation thereof. The present invention further provides a process for separation of enantiomers and diastereomers into their individual isomers using a polyfluorene compounds of Formula (I).

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The present invention relates to a novel polyfluorene appended with protected glutamic acid of Formula (I) for heterogeneous enantioselective separation and sensing of amino acids, amino alcohol, hydroxyl acid, sugar, aromatic drug and ascorbic acid from racemic mixture in water and process for preparation thereof. The present invention further provides a process for separation of enantiomers and diastereomers into their individual isomers using a polyfluorene compounds of Formula (I).

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An object of the invention is to provide a method for producing a (meth)acrylate ester compound by the transesterification of an alkyl (meth)acrylate with an alcohol compound having a tertiary hydroxyl group so as to esterify all the hydroxyl groups present in the alcohol compound with a high yield or, in a preferred embodiment, a method for esterifying a polyhydric alcohol compound having a tertiary hydroxyl group and also having a primary hydroxyl group and/or a secondary hydroxyl group by one-pot transesterification into a (meth)acrylate ester compound of the polyhydric alcohol. The method for producing a (meth)acrylate ester compound includes a step (I) of transesterifying an alkyl (meth)acrylate with an alcohol compound having a tertiary hydroxyl group using a transesterification catalyst including a complex of iron with a specific ligand, the water content in the transesterification reaction system being not more than 1000 ppm.