The present invention relates to a process for preparing C.sub.4-C.sub.15 lactams, in which a C.sub.1-C.sub.10-alkyl nitrite is reacted with a C.sub.4-C.sub.15-cycloalkane and is illuminated with a light-emitting diode during the reaction. This forms a C.sub.4-C.sub.15-cyclohexanone oxime which is then converted further to a C.sub.4-C.sub.15 lactam; the C.sub.1-C.sub.10 alcohol formed is recycled into the preparation of the C.sub.1-C.sub.10-alkyl nitrite.

The present invention relates to a process for preparing C.sub.4-C.sub.15 lactams, in which a C.sub.1-C.sub.10-alkyl nitrite is reacted with a C.sub.4-C.sub.15-cycloalkane and is illuminated with a light-emitting diode during the reaction. This forms a C.sub.4-C.sub.15-cyclohexanone oxime which is then converted further to a C.sub.4-C.sub.15 lactam; the C.sub.1-C.sub.10 alcohol formed is recycled into the preparation of the C.sub.1-C.sub.10-alkyl nitrite.

An alternative approach to formation of a CC bond at a meta-position of an aromatic compound is disclosed that employs an ethylenically unsaturated bicyclic compound as a transient mediator to achieve meta-selective CH activation with a simple and common ortho-directing group. The use of a pyridine-based ligand assists in relaying the palladium catalyst to the meta-position by the unsaturated bicyclic compound following initial ortho-CH activation.

An alternative approach to formation of a CC bond at a meta-position of an aromatic compound is disclosed that employs an ethylenically unsaturated bicyclic compound as a transient mediator to achieve meta-selective CH activation with a simple and common ortho-directing group. The use of a pyridine-based ligand assists in relaying the palladium catalyst to the meta-position by the unsaturated bicyclic compound following initial ortho-CH activation.

Provided is a charge-transporting varnish which comprises an amide compound containing fluorine atoms and represented by formula (1) and a charge-transporting substance. ##STR00001##
[In the formula, Ar.sup.1 represents a group represented by any of formulae (1-1) to (1-9) and Ar.sup.2 and Ar.sup.3 each represent a given fluorinated aryl or aralkyl group.] ##STR00002##

Provided is a charge-transporting varnish which comprises an amide compound containing fluorine atoms and represented by formula (1) and a charge-transporting substance. ##STR00001##
[In the formula, Ar.sup.1 represents a group represented by any of formulae (1-1) to (1-9) and Ar.sup.2 and Ar.sup.3 each represent a given fluorinated aryl or aralkyl group.] ##STR00002##

To an appropriate reactor equipped with mechanical stirrer was charged acetic acid (12 L), tert-butyl 4-(3-(6-(3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-2-(methylthio)-7-oxopyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-8(7H)-yl)propyl)piperazine-1-carboxylate (2000 g) and triethylamine (639 g, 2.3 eq.). Internal temperature was adjusted to approximately 20 C. and N-chlorosuccinimide (1651 g, 4.5 eq.) was added at 20-30 C. Reaction was stirred for 2 hours. Ethyl acetate (30 L) was added. 5% aqueous NaCl solution (20 L) was added. The organic layer was separated and the aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc. The combined organic layers were washed with 30% aqueous potassium carbonate solution (14 L). The organic layer was concentrated to 12 L and used for next step directly.

To an appropriate reactor equipped with mechanical stirrer was charged acetic acid (12 L), tert-butyl 4-(3-(6-(3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-2-(methylthio)-7-oxopyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-8(7H)-yl)propyl)piperazine-1-carboxylate (2000 g) and triethylamine (639 g, 2.3 eq.). Internal temperature was adjusted to approximately 20 C. and N-chlorosuccinimide (1651 g, 4.5 eq.) was added at 20-30 C. Reaction was stirred for 2 hours. Ethyl acetate (30 L) was added. 5% aqueous NaCl solution (20 L) was added. The organic layer was separated and the aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc. The combined organic layers were washed with 30% aqueous potassium carbonate solution (14 L). The organic layer was concentrated to 12 L and used for next step directly.

An object of the present invention is to provide an industrially advantageous method for producing a bisimide dicarboxylic acid, which uses substantially no solvent and requires no granulation after completion of the reaction. The above object can be achieved by a method for producing a bisimide dicarboxylic acid with a tricarboxylic acid anhydride and a diamine, including the following processes (i) and (ii): a process (i) in which, provided that a compound having a higher melting point is a high melting compound and a compound having a lower melting point is a low melting compound, when a melting point is compared between the tricarboxylic acid anhydride and the diamine, the high melting compound is heated at a temperature between less than the melting point of the high melting compound and not lower than the melting point of the low melting compound, and the low melting compound is added to the high melting compound while the high melting compound maintains its solid states, to give a mixture; and a process (ii) in which the resultant mixture in the process (i) is heated while its solid states are kept, to give bisimide dicarboxylic acid.

An object of the present invention is to provide an industrially advantageous method for producing a bisimide dicarboxylic acid, which uses substantially no solvent and requires no granulation after completion of the reaction. The above object can be achieved by a method for producing a bisimide dicarboxylic acid with a tricarboxylic acid anhydride and a diamine, including the following processes (i) and (ii): a process (i) in which, provided that a compound having a higher melting point is a high melting compound and a compound having a lower melting point is a low melting compound, when a melting point is compared between the tricarboxylic acid anhydride and the diamine, the high melting compound is heated at a temperature between less than the melting point of the high melting compound and not lower than the melting point of the low melting compound, and the low melting compound is added to the high melting compound while the high melting compound maintains its solid states, to give a mixture; and a process (ii) in which the resultant mixture in the process (i) is heated while its solid states are kept, to give bisimide dicarboxylic acid.