A compound is represented by one of formulae (11) to (13). R.sub.1 to R.sub.4 each independently represent a group represented by a formula (1-1) or the like, or a group represented by a formula (2-1), a group represented by a formula (2-2) or the like. At least one of R.sub.1 to R.sub.4 is the group represented by the formula (1-1) or the like. At least one of R.sub.1 to R.sub.4 is the group represented by the formula (2-1), (2-2) or the like. For instance, X.sub.1 represents an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, or CR.sub.151R.sub.152, R.sub.101 to R.sub.110 and R.sub.151 and R.sub.152 each independently representing a hydrogen atom or a substituent. For instance, R.sub.161 to R.sub.168 and R.sub.171 and R.sub.180 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a substituent. * each independently represents a bonding position to a carbon atom in a benzene ring in each of formulae (11) to (13): ##STR00001##

The present invention relates to novel substituted bicyclic derivatives that can inhibit Rho-kinases and/or Rho-kinase mediated phosphorylation of myosin light chain phosphates, compositions comprising the derivatives, methods for preparing the derivatives, and methods for using the derivatives and/or compositions.

Provided herein are crystalline forms of deuterium-enriched (R)-pioglitazone and compositions thereof. Also provided herein are methods of using the crystalline forms of deuterium-enriched (R)-pioglitazone and compositions thereof.

##STR00001##

The present disclosure relates to stimulators of soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC), pharmaceutical formulations comprising them and their uses thereof, alone or in combination with one or more additional agents, for treating various diseases, wherein an increase in the concentration of nitric oxide (NO) or an increase in the concentration of cyclic Guanosine onophosphate (cGMP), or both, or an CN upregulation of the NO pathway is desirable. The compounds are of Formula I: or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein each of Y.sup.1, Y.sup.2, Y.sup.3, Y.sup.4, Y.sup.5, Y.sup.6, Y.sup.7, Y.sup.8 and Y.sup.9 is independently selected from hydrogen and deuterium, as well as pharmaceutical compositions, methods and uses thereof.

This disclosure relates to novel morphinan compounds and their derivatives, pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates, and hydrates thereof. This disclosure also provides compositions comprising a compound of this disclosure and the use of such compositions in methods of treating diseases and conditions that are beneficially treated by administering a σ.sub.1 receptor agonist that also has NMDA antagonist activity.

The present invention belongs to the field of medicinal chemistry. Specifically disclosed is a class of URAT1 inhibitors for promoting uric acid excretion, which are compounds as represented by the structure of formula (I) or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof. Experiments show that the compounds provided by the present invention have a very good inhibitory effect on the transport of uric acid by hURAT1 in HEK293 transfected cells, and that such compounds have a good application prospect in the treatment of hyperuricemia or gout. ##STR00001##

Compounds having the following formula (I) or a stereoisomer or pharmaceutically-acceptable salt thereof, where R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, and R.sup.5 are as defined herein, are useful in the modulation of IL-12, IL-23 and/or IFNα, by acting on Tyk-2 to cause signal transduction inhibition. ##STR00001##

Compounds, compositions, methods, and uses are described for therapeutic deuterated N,N-dimethyltryptamine compounds (e.g., a single compound or a plurality of deuterated N,N-dimethyltryptamine compounds) such as N,N-dimethyltryptamine compounds, α-protio, α-deutero-N,N-dimethyltryptamine compounds, α,α-dideutero-N,N-dimethyltryptamine compounds, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts of these compounds. The deuterated N,N-dimethyltryptamine compound may have an increased half-life compared with the half-life of undeuterated N,N-dimethyltryptamine. For example, a deuterated N,N-dimethyltryptamine compound may be used in therapy and have a Formula (I): ##STR00001## wherein: the ratio of deuterium:protium in the compound is greater than that found naturally in hydrogen; each R.sup.1 is independently selected from H and D; R.sup.2 is selected from CH.sub.3 and CD.sub.3; R.sup.3 is selected from CH.sub.3 and CD.sub.3; each .sup.yH is independently selected from H and D, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

The current document is directed to digital-image-normalization methods and systems that generate accurate intensity mappings between the intensities in two digital images. The intensity mapping generated from two digital images is used to normalize or adjust the intensities in one image in order to produce a pair of normalized digital images to which various types of change-detection methodologies can be applied in order to extract differential data. Accurate intensity mappings facilitate accurate and robust normalization of sets of multiple digital images which, in turn, facilitates many additional types of operations carried out on sets of multiple normalized digital images, including change detection, quantitative enhancement, synthetic enhancement, and additional types of digital-image processing, including processing to remove artifacts and noise from digital images.

The present invention provides a method for the synthesis of an injectable composition comprising a [.sup.18F]-labelled pyridaben derivative that is advantageous over prior methods. In particular, the method of the present invention comprises a method of radiosynthesis that permits a more facile purification using solid phase extraction (SPE).