Synthesis of compounds having varying degrees of conformational rigidity is obtained via a low cost, high yield and efficient synthetic reactions. The library of compounds is structurally diverse, having at least one or more chiral centers and providing large numbers of compounds having building block diversity and substantial scaffold diversity. The compounds further provide a novel method for obtaining candidate therapeutic agents for prevention, treatment or diagnosis of diseases.

A method for diagnosing a disease by detecting an autoantibody that binds to flotillin1 and/or flotillin2 in a sample, a polypeptide comprising flotillin1 and/or flotillin2 or a variant thereof, which may be immobilized, a method of treating a disease by applying to a subject the polypeptide that binds to an autoantibody, an autoantibody binding to flotillin1 and/or flotillin2, a method for isolating the autoantibody, a pharmaceutical composition, a medical device and test kit comprising the polypeptide, are provided. A method for detecting the presence of an autoantibody is also provided.

The present invention is concerned with compositions and methods for improving the rate of correct sample identification in indexed nucleic acid library preparations for multiplex next generation sequencing by blocking the 3 ends of pooled indexed polynucleotides from multiple samples prior to amplification and sequencing.

Described is a salt of Formula IIb: ##STR00001##

Provided is a solid-supported ruthenium complex represented by general formula (1), (2) or (3). Further provided are: a method for manufacturing a reduction product by reducing an organic compound in the presence of the solid-supported ruthenium complex and a hydrogen donor; a method for manufacturing an optically active alcohol, characterized by reducing a carbonyl group in a carbonyl compound in the presence of the solid-supported ruthenium complex and a hydrogen donor; and a method for manufacturing an optically active amine, characterized by reducing an imino group of an imine compound in the presence of the solid-supported ruthenium complex and a hydrogen donor.

The present invention provides phosphoryl choline derivatives of general formula (I), which are suitable to be immobilized on a solid support to provide a separation material of general formula (II), which bind with both high affinity and high specificity to a protein, more specifically to C-reactive protein and anti-phosphoryl choline antibodies. Said separation materials are particularly useful in the extracorporeal removal of C-reactive protein and anti-phosphoryl choline antibodies from a biological fluid of a patient for prophylaxis and/or treatment of immune dysfunctions and cardiovascular diseases. Also provided is a column that comprises the separation material of general formula (II), as well as a device containing the column. Formula (I), wherein variable X is selected from: SH, NHR.sup.3, C?CH, CH?CH.sub.2, N.sub.3 and CHO; the other variables are as defined in the claims: Formula (II), wherein variable A represents a solid support. A as well as the other variables are defined in detail in the claims. ##STR00001##

A protein includes an amino acid sequence derived from the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1, wherein the amino acid sequence includes a substitution of Val at a position corresponding to position 40 of SEQ ID NO: 1 with a polar uncharged amino acid residue, a basic amino acid residue, or Ala. The protein has a reduced antibody-binding capacity in an acidic pH range, as compared to a protein including the amino acid sequence without the substitution.

An anti-C3d antibody or antibody fragment; method for use thereof to kill cancer cells; and related methods and compositions.

This invention provides methods for attaching a nucleic acid to a solid surface and for sequencing nucleic acid by detecting the identity of each nucleotide analogue after the nucleotide analogue is incorporated into a growing strand of DNA in a polymerase reaction. The invention also provides nucleotide analogues which comprise unique labels attached to the nucleotide analogue through a cleavable linker, and a cleavable chemical group to cap the OH group at the 3-position of the deoxyribose.

Disclosed herein are amphiphilic surfactants which comprise a polymer chain having a hydrophobic unit and hydrophilic unit wherein the polymer is tethered to an inorganic nanoparticle. Further disclosed are methods for preparing the disclosed amphiphilic surfactants.