The present invention relates to a process to make light olefins, in a combined XTO-OC process, from an oxygen-containing, halogenide-containing or sulphur-containing organic feedstock comprising: a0) providing a first portion and a second portion of said oxygen-containing, halogenide-containing or sulphur-containing organic feedstock, a) providing a catalyst comprising zeolitic molecular sieves containing at least 10 membered ring pore openings or larger in their microporous structure, b) providing an XTO reaction zone, an OC reaction zone and a catalyst regeneration zone, said catalyst circulating in the three zones, such that at least a portion of the regenerated catalyst is passed to the OC reaction zone, at least a portion of the catalyst in the OC reaction zone is passed to the XTO reaction zone and at least a portion of the catalyst in the XTO reaction zone is passed to the regeneration zone; c) contacting the first portion of said oxygen-containing, halogenide-containing or sulphur-containing organic feedstock in the XTO reactor with the catalyst at conditions effective to convert at least a portion of the feedstock to form a XTO reactor effluent comprising light olefins and a heavy hydrocarbon fraction; d) separating said light olefins from said heavy hydrocarbon fraction; e) contacting said heavy hydrocarbon fraction and the second portion of said oxygen-containing, halogenide-containing or sulphur-containing organic feedstock in the OC reactor with the catalyst at conditions effective to convert at least a portion of said heavy hydrocarbon fraction and oxygen-containing, halogenide-containing or sulphur-containing organic feedstock to light olefins.

The present invention relates to a process to make light olefins, in a combined XTO-OC process, from an oxygen-containing, halogenide-containing or sulphur-containing organic feedstock comprising: a0) providing a first portion and a second portion of said oxygen-containing, halogenide-containing or sulphur-containing organic feedstock, a) providing a catalyst comprising zeolitic molecular sieves containing at least 10 membered ring pore openings or larger in their microporous structure, b) providing an XTO reaction zone, an OC reaction zone and a catalyst regeneration zone, said catalyst circulating in the three zones, such that at least a portion of the regenerated catalyst is passed to the OC reaction zone, optionally at least a portion of the catalyst in the OC reaction zone is passed to the XTO reaction zone and at least a portion of the catalyst in the XTO reaction zone is passed to the regeneration zone; c) contacting the first portion of said oxygen-containing, halogenide-containing or sulphur-containing organic feedstock in the XTO reactor with the catalyst at conditions effective to convert at least a portion of the feedstock to form a XTO reactor effluent comprising light olefins and a heavy hydrocarbon fraction; d) separating said light olefins from said heavy hydrocarbon fraction; e) contacting said heavy hydrocarbon fraction and the second portion of said oxygen-containing, halogenide-containing or sulphur-containing organic feedstock in the OC reactor with the catalyst at conditions effective to convert at least a portion of said heavy hydrocarbon fraction and oxygen-containing, halogenide-containing or sulphur-containing organic feedstock to light olefins.

The present invention refers to processes for preparing catalyst loaded polyphenylene particles, the so-obtained polyphenylene particles and their use as catalysts.

The present invention relates to a device for high-frequency technology, or for the microwave region and millimeter wave region of the electromagnetic spectrum, characterized in that it contains a liquid-crystal medium which consists of one or more compounds, which one or more compounds, which contain 6 to 15 five-, six- or seven-membered rings, preferably 1,4-linked phenylene rings, or in that it contains a liquid-crystal medium which itself comprises a component A, which itself consists of one or more of the said compounds, which one or more compounds, which contain 6 to 15 five-, six- or seven-membered rings, preferably 1,4-linked phenylene rings. The present invention additionally relates to compounds of the formula (I), in which the parameters have the meanings given in the text, and to the corresponding, novel liquid-crystal media, to the use and preparation thereof, and to the production and use of the devices. The devices according to the invention are particularly suitable phase shifters in the microwave and millimeter wave region, for microwave and millimeter wave array antennas and very particularly for so-called tunable reflectarrays.

A method of producing liquid hydrocarbons from a syngas, the method comprising: providing a first syngas containing hydrogen cyanide; converting at least a portion of the hydrogen cyanide in the first syngas to ammonia to provide a second syngas enriched in ammonia and depleted in hydrogen cyanide; passing the second syngas to a scrubber and contacting the second syngas with a scrubbing liquid, whereby at least a portion of ammonia contained in the second syngas is retained in the scrubbing liquid to form a third syngas depleted in ammonia and hydrogen cyanide; and passing the third syngas through a Fischer-Tropsch reaction chamber to produce a liquid hydrocarbon product, wherein passing the third syngas through a Fischer-Tropsch reaction chamber to produce a liquid hydrocarbon product comprises contacting the third syngas with a catalyst comprising a metal selected from cobalt, iron and ruthenium.

The present invention provides a process for preparing a 4-substituted 3-methyl-1,3-butadiene compound of the following general formula (A), wherein R represents a linear, branched, or cyclic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms and optionally having an unsaturated bond(s), the process comprising steps of subjecting a primary allylsulfone compound of the following general formula (D), wherein R represents a linear, branched, or cyclic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms and optionally having an unsaturated bond(s), X represents a halogen atom, and W represents an arenesulfonyl group, to a reductive removal of the arenesulfonyl group, W, to form a halide compound of the following general formula (B), wherein R represents a linear, branched, or cyclic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms and optionally having an unsaturated bond(s), and X represents a halogen atom; and subjecting the aforesaid halide compound (B) to an elimination reaction of a hydrogen halide, HX, to form the aforesaid 4-substituted 3-methyl-1,3-butadiene compound (A).

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This disclosure relates to new synthetic methods for preparing substituted fluorene compounds and fluorenyl-substituted metallocenes, which are useful in applications such as olefin polymerization catalysis. The new methods involve a Pd-catalyzed, one-pot tandem reaction of a 1,2-dihalobenzene with a 2-methylarylboronic acid using non-conventional and unexpected reaction conditions, which may improve existing methods by providing higher yields, higher selectivity, and/or the ability to incorporate a wider range of substituents with various steric and electronic properties and regiochemistries which are difficult to access using existing methods.