The object of the present invention is to provide a process for preparing a 5-alken-1-yne compound efficiently at low costs and a process for preparing (2E,6Z)-2,6-nonadienal by making use of the aforesaid process for preparing the 5-alken-1-yne compound. There is provided a process for preparing a 5-alken-1-yne compound of the following formula (4): YZCR.sup.1CR.sup.2(CH.sub.2).sub.2CCH (4) in which Y in formula (4) represents a hydrogen atom or a hydroxyl group, the process comprising at least steps of: subjecting (i) an alkenylmagnesium halide compound prepared from a haloalkene compound of the following formula (1): YZCR.sup.1CR.sup.2(CH.sub.2).sub.2X.sup.1 (1) and (ii) an alkyne compound of the following formula (2): X.sup.2CCSi(R.sup.3)(R.sup.4)(R.sup.5) (2) to a coupling reaction to form a silane compound of the following formula (3): YZCR.sup.1CR.sup.2(CH.sub.2).sub.2CCSi(R.sup.3)(R.sup.4)(R.sup.5) (3); and subjecting the silane compound (3) to a desilylation reaction to form the 5-alken-1-yne compound (4).

Methods for preparing a variety of ladderane precursors, ladderane compounds and ladderane lipids are provided. Also provided are methods of preparing a liposome from the ladderane lipids disclosed herein, and compositions thereof. Aspects of the invention include encapsulated one or more cargo moieties in the liposome or compositions thereof and use of the subject liposome compositions as vehicles in drug delivery, imaging, diagnostics and other medical applications. Aspects of the methods disclosed herein include administering a liposomal composition comprising a pharmaceutical agent to a subject under conditions sufficient to deliver the composition to a site of interest in the subject, and release the pharmaceutical agent from the liposomal composition.

A process for preparing 1-cyclopropyl-naphthalene derivatives of Formula (1) wherein R.sub.1-R.sub.7 are independently hydrogen, alkyl, alkoxy, cycloalkyl or aryl comprising the steps of a) contacting an acid salt of a 1-naphthyl-2-aminoethylketone with a base and a first solvent to obtain a solution wherein the molar ratio of base to 1-naphthyl-2-aminoethylketone acid salt is at least 0.7, b) addition of hydrazine to obtain a 3-(1-naphthyl)-1H-pyrazoline, c) optionally adding a second solvent and/or at least partially removing the first solvent, and d) heating the reaction mixture to a temperature above 190 C. to obtain the compound of Formula (1). ##STR00001##

The present invention relates to a device for generating ultra pure 1-methyl-cyclopropene (1-MCP) by using an improved carrier gas flow control system. The invention also relates to the use of a 1-MCP generating device for inhibiting the action of ethylene which accelerates the ripening process of plants such as fruits, flowers, vegetables and the like. Furthermore the invention encompasses a method for treating and storing harvested agricultural products using said 1-MCP generating device.

Systems and methods for formation of highly reactive alkali dendrites are provided. For example, in some embodiments alkali metals are dissolved in ammonia to form metal electrides after which the ammonia is removed via vacuum to reveal highly activated metal surfaces in the form of crystalline alkali dendrites. The alkali dendrites can mimic powders but have the advantage of being freshly prepared from inexpensive and readily available metal sources. These uniquely activated metals exhibit enhanced reactivity comparatively to similar off the shelf sources of the corresponding metals. For example, the dendrites can have about 100 times greater surface area than conventional metal sources and/or be about 19 times more reactive than powders that serve as the industry standard for the preparation of organometallic compounds. After surface activation, these metals can be used to prepare various organometallic reagents.

The object of the present invention is to provide a process for preparing a 5-alken-1-yne compound efficiently at low costs and a process for preparing (2E,6Z)-2,6-nonadienal by making use of the aforesaid process for preparing the 5-alken-1-yne compound.

There is provided a process for preparing a 5-alken-1-yne compound of the following formula (4): Y-Z-CR.sup.1CR.sup.2(CH.sub.2).sub.2CCH (4) in which Y in formula (4) represents a hydrogen atom or a hydroxyl group, the process comprising at least steps of: subjecting (i) an alkenylmagnesium halide compound prepared from a haloalkene compound of the following formula (1): Y-Z-CR.sup.1CR.sup.2(CH.sub.2).sub.2-X.sup.1 (1) and (ii) an alkyne compound of the following formula (2): X.sup.2=CCSi(R.sup.3)(R.sup.4)(R.sup.5) (2) to a coupling reaction to form a silane compound of the following formula (3): Y-Z-CR.sup.1CR.sup.2(CH.sub.2).sub.2CCSi(R.sup.3)(R.sup.4)(R.sup.5) (3); and subjecting the silane compound (3) to a desilylation reaction to form the 5-alken-1-yne compound (4).

The disclosure provides methodology for the synthesis of mono-alkylated cyclopentadiene structures, which can be obtained via fulvene intermediates. In one embodiment, the cyclopentadiene ring is substituted with a trialkylsilyl moiety, which enables the further reaction with certain metal halides to form metal adducts. For example, the monoalkyl cyclopentadienes substituted with a trimethylsilyl group can be reacted with TiCl.sub.4 to provide R*CpTiCl.sub.3 complexes, wherein R* is a group of the formula ##STR00001##
wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are as defined herein.

The present disclosure pertains to a new synthetic method for the preparation of 2-methyl-2-hydroxyheptane and 2-methyl-2-alkoxyheptanes, which are valuable commodities for use in flavors, fragrances and various personal care products, such as cosmetics.

Provided herein are nickel(O) catalysts that are stable when exposed to air and can be used to catalyze the formation of a CC, CO, or CN bond.

Catalytic systems and methods for treating process streams are disclosed. Catalytic wet oxidation and hydrolysis techniques may be used to treat one or more undesirable constituents. Methane may be produced in connection with at least some embodiments.