A method is provided for producing a compound, including a step of mixing a compound (1) having one or two leaving groups, a compound (2) having one or two boron atom-containing leaving groups, an organic base (P), and at least one selected from a phase transfer catalyst and an organic base (Q) larger in the number of carbon atoms than the above-mentioned organic base in the presence of a transition metal catalyst. The method thereby performs a coupling reaction between the above-mentioned compound (1) and the above-mentioned compound (2).

The disclosure relates to the efficient preparation of aromatic hydrocarbons useful as intermediates for di-, tri-, tetra- and poly-dentate organophosphorus ligands having value in particular as hydroformylation catalysts. The use of triarylphosphine halide catalysts have been found to be more efficient in forming these intermediates by the use of excess triarylphosphine in an amount beyond what is required to form a coordination complex.

Aspects of the invention are associated with the discovery of processes for converting methane (CH.sub.4), present in a methane-containing feedstock that may be obtained from a variety of sources such as natural gas, to higher hydrocarbons (e.g., C.sub.4.sup.+ hydrocarbons) such as gasoline, diesel fuel, or jet fuel boiling-range hydrocarbons, which may optionally be separated (e.g., by fractionation) for use as transportation fuels, or otherwise as blending components for such fuels. Particular aspects of the invention are associated with advantages arising from maintaining reaction conditions that improve the yield of C.sub.4.sup.+ hydrocarbons. Further aspects relate to the advantages gained by integration of the appropriate reactions to carry out the methane conversion, with downstream separation to recover and recycle desirable components of the reaction effluent, thereby improving process economics to the extent needed for commercial viability.

In a cross coupling reaction, in a case where a halogen atom is selected as the leaving group of the raw material compound, a harmful halogen waste forms as a by-product after the reaction, and disposal of the waste liquid is complicated and environmental burden is high. In a carbon-hydrogen activation cross coupling reaction which requires no halogen atom as the leaving group, although no halogen waste forms as a by-product, the reaction substrate is considerably restricted, and the reaction remains a limited molecular construction method.

A method for producing an aromatic compound, which comprises subjecting an aromatic nitro compound and a boronic acid compound to a cross coupling reaction in the presence of a metal catalyst.

In one embodiment, the present application discloses ligands of the formula A, wherein the variables are as described herein, and methods for using the ligands in cross-coupling reactions in organic and polar media:

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A process comprising contacting a) an alkene, b) a hydrogen-boron bond containing compound, c) an -diimine metal salt complex comprising an -diimine iron salt complex or an -diimine cobalt salt complex, and d) a group 1 metal borohydride under conditions suitable to form an alkylboron compound. A process comprising contacting a) an alkene, b) a hydrogen-boron bond containing compound, and c) an -diimine metal salt complex comprising an -diimine iron methylenetrihydrocarbylsilyl complex or an -diimine cobalt methylenetrihydrocarbylsilyl complex, to form an alkyl-boron compound under conditions suitable to form an alkylboron compound. A process comprising contacting an alkene, a hydrogen-boron bond containing compound, and an -diimine metal salt complex to form an alkyl-boron compound under conditions suitable to form an alkylboron compound.

The present invention relates to a 1-halo-7-methyltricosane compound of the following general formula (1), wherein X.sup.1 represents a halogen atom. The present invention relates also to a process for preparing a 17-methylalkane compound of the following general formula (4), wherein n represents an integer of 11 to 13, the process comprising the steps of converting the aforesaid 1-halo-7-methyltricosane compound (1) into a nucleophilic reagent, 7-methyltricosyl compound, of the following general formula (2), wherein M.sup.1 represents Li, MgZ.sup.1, CuZ.sup.1, or CuLiZ.sup.1, and Z.sup.1 represents a halogen atom or a 7-methyltricosyl group, subsequently subjecting the aforesaid nucleophilic reagent, 7-methyltricosyl compound (2), to a coupling reaction with an electrophilic alkyl reagent of the following general formula (3), wherein X.sup.2 represents a halogen atom or a p-toluenesulfonyloxy group, and n is as defined above, to form the aforesaid 17-methylalkane compound (4).

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In an example, a method of butadiene sequestration includes receiving an input stream that includes butadiene. The method includes directing the input stream to a first sulfur dioxide charged zeolite bed for butadiene sequestration via a first chemical reaction of butadiene and sulfur dioxide to form sulfolene.

The present invention is a phosphorous modified zeolite (A) made by a process comprising in that order: selecting a zeolite with low Si/Al ratio (advantageously lower than 30) among H.sup.+ or NH.sub.4.sup.+-form of MFI, MEL, FER, MOR, clinoptilolite, said zeolite having been made preferably without direct addition of organic template; steaming at a temperature ranging from 400 to 870 C. for 0.01-200h; leaching with an aqueous acid solution containing the source of P at conditions effective to remove a substantial part of Al from the zeolite and to introduce at least 0.3 wt % of P; separation of the solid from the liquid; an optional washing step or an optional drying step or an optional drying step followed by a washing step; a calcination step.

The present invention also relates to a process (hereunder referred as XTO process) for making an olefin product from an oxygen-containing, halogenide-containing or sulphur-containing organic feedstock wherein said oxygen-containing, halogenide-containing or sulphur-containing organic feedstock is contacted with the above catalyst (in the XTO reactor) under conditions effective to convert at least a portion of the oxygen-containing, halogenide-containing or sulphur-containing organic feedstock to olefin products (the XTO reactor effluent).

The present invention also relates to a process (hereunder referred as combined XTO and OCP process) to make light olefins from an oxygen-containing, halogenide-containing or sulphur-containing organic feedstock comprising: contacting said oxygen-containing, halogenide-containing or sulphur-containing organic feedstock in the XTO reactor with the above catalyst at conditions effective to convert at least a portion of the feedstock to form an XTO reactor effluent comprising light olefins and a heavy hydrocarbon fraction; separating said light olefins from said heavy hydrocarbon fraction; contacting said heavy hydrocarbon fraction in the OCP reactor at conditions effective to convert at least a portion of said heavy hydrocarbon fraction to light olefins.

The disclosure relates to the efficient preparation of aromatic hydrocarbons useful as intermediates for di-, tri-, tetra- and poly-dentate organophosphorus ligands having value in particular as hydroformylation catalysts. The use of triarylphosphine halide catalysts have been found to be more efficient in forming these intermediates by the use of excess triarylphosphine in an amount beyond what is required to form a coordination complex.