The invention relates to the field of petrochemistry and petroleum refining, and more-specifically to methods and devices for producing a concentrate of aromatic hydrocarbons from liquid hydrocarbon fractions, which involve feeding initial components into a mixer, heating said components, feeding same to a reactor in which the heated components are converted into aromatic hydrocarbons in the presence of a catalyst, separating same into liquid and gas phases, feeding the gas phase into the mixer, and feeding the liquid phase into a rectification column, from which an aromatic hydrocarbon concentrate is collected, and can be used in petroleum refining and in petrochemistry for producing a concentrate aromatic hydrocarbons. According to the invention, methanol is additionally fed into the mixer. Hydrocarbon components which remain in the rectification column following collection are at least partially fed into the mixer. The liquid phase is additionally separated into liquid hydrocarbons and water, the liquid hydrocarbons are fed into the rectification column, and the water is removed. The composition of the liquid aromatic hydrocarbons, which are fed into the rectification column, is measured. In accordance with the results of the measurements, the flow rate of the initial components fed into the mixer is adjusted, and/or the temperature of the rectification column is adjusted. A proposed installation carries out the said method. The achieved technical result consists in increasing the efficiency of producing concentrates of aromatic hydrocarbons, and in increasing the content of alkylbenzenes, particularly xylenes.

A process of converting a carbon-carbon multiple bond to a cyclopropane ring, comprising the addition of a N-alkyl-N-nitroso compound to a mixture of alkene precursor, aqueous base and Pd(II)-catalyst, with the N-alkyl-N-nitroso compound obtained directly from an alkyl amine derivative, NaNO.sub.2 and an acid via phase separation of the N-alkyl-N-nitroso compound from the aqueous phase.

A process of converting a carbon-carbon multiple bond to a cyclopropane ring, comprising the addition of a N-alkyl-N-nitroso compound to a mixture of alkene precursor, aqueous base and Pd(II)-catalyst, with the N-alkyl-N-nitroso compound obtained directly from an alkyl amine derivative, NaNO.sub.2 and an acid via phase separation of the N-alkyl-N-nitroso compound from the aqueous phase.

A process of converting a carbon-carbon multiple bond to a cyclopropane ring, comprising the addition of a N-alkyl-N-nitroso compound to a mixture of alkene precursor, aqueous base and Pd(II)-catalyst, with the N-alkyl-N-nitroso compound obtained directly from an alkyl amine derivative, NaNO.sub.2 and an acid via phase separation of the N-alkyl-N-nitroso compound from the aqueous phase.

The invention concerns a process for the production of butadiene from an ethanol feed comprising at least 80% by weight of ethanol, comprising a step for conversion of ethanol to acetaldehyde, a step for the extraction of butadiene, a step for scrubbing gaseous by-products with water, a step for eliminating impurities and brown oils, a step for treating effluents, a first butadiene purification step, and a subsequent butadiene purification step, said ethanol feed being supplied to said butadiene extraction step, the arrangement of the steps and recycles allowing the recycles to be maximized and allowing the water and energy consumption to be minimized.

Provided herein are methods of producing dialkylfurans, such as 2,5-dimethylfuran, and other alkyl furans, such as 2-methylfuran. For example, 2,5-dimethylfuran may be produced by hydrogenation of (5-methylfuran-2-yl) methanol or 2-(chloromethyl)-5-methylfuran in the presence of a solid supported metal catalyst having an excess of either basic or acidic sites (as determined by chemisorption of CO2 or NH3). The process could further include a urea reagent (TMU, DMPU, TMI) and an alkyl benzene.

The invention is directed to a process for producing benzene and LPG comprising the steps of: (a) reacting a source feed stream comprising monoaromatic compounds of formula (I), wherein R1-R5 are the same or different and are chosen from hydrogen or a linear alkyl group of 1-10 carbon atoms, and methanol in an alkylation reactor comprising a basic catalyst to obtain an alkylation product stream and subsequently (b) contacting the alkylation product stream in the presence of hydrogen in a hydrocracking reactor with a hydrocracking catalyst comprising 0.01-1 wt-% hydrogenation metal in relation to the total catalyst weight and a zeolite having a pore size of 5-8 Å and a silica (SiO2) to alumina (Al2O3) molar ratio of 5-200 to produce a hydrocracking product stream comprising benzene and LPG under process conditions including a temperature of 425-580° C., a pressure of 300-5000 kPa gauge and a Weight Hourly Space Velocity of 0.1-15 h.sup.−1.

##STR00001##

A method of making a catalyst containing nanosize zeolite particles supported on a support material is disclosed. A process for making styrene or ethylbenzene by reacting toluene with a C.sub.1 source over a catalyst containing nanosize zeolite particles supported on a support material is disclosed.

This method for producing a fullerene derivative is a method for producing a fullerene derivative having a partial structure shown by formula (1) by reacting a predetermined halogenated compound and two carbon atoms adjacent to each other for forming a fullerene skeleton in a mixed solvent of an aromatic solvent and an aprotic polar solvent having a C═O or S═O bond in the presence of at least one metal selected from the group comprising manganese, iron, and zinc;

##STR00001##

(in formula (1), C* are each carbon atoms adjacent to each other for forming a fullerene skeleton, A is a linking group having 1-4 carbon atoms for forming a ring structure with two C*, in which a portion thereof may be a substituted or condensed group).

Processes and apparatuses for benzene and/or toluene methylation under conditions of low temperatures in one of a vapor phase, a liquid phase or a mixed vapor-liquid phase, in an aromatics complex for producing para-xylene are described. More specifically, a process for producing a xylene isomer comprising reacting oxygenates with an aromatic feedstock comprising toluene and/or benzene in a methylation zone operating under alkylation conditions including one of a vapor, a liquid phase or a mixed vapor-liquid phase in the presence of a catalyst to provide a product stream comprising the xylene isomer is described.