In accordance with one or more embodiments of the present disclosure, a method for producing epoxide gasoline blending components includes cracking, in a steam cracker, a hydrocarbon feed to form a first ethylene stream, a first propylene stream, and a C.sub.4 stream comprising isobutene and butadiene; reacting, in a methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE) unit, the C.sub.4 stream with a methanol stream to form MTBE and a butadiene-rich C.sub.4 stream; selectively hydrogenating, in a butadiene unit, the butadiene-rich C.sub.4 stream to form a butene-rich C.sub.4 stream including butene-1, cis-butene-2, and trans-butene-2; producing, in an isononanol unit, isononanol and an olefin-rich stream from the butene-rich C.sub.4 stream; and oxidizing the olefin-rich stream in an oxidation unit by combining the olefin-rich stream with an oxidant stream and a catalyst composition to produce the epoxide gasoline blending components.

In accordance with one or more embodiments of the present disclosure, a method for producing alcohol gasoline blending components includes cracking, in a steam cracker, a hydrocarbon feed to form a first ethylene stream, a first propylene stream, and a C.sub.4 stream comprising isobutene and butadiene; reacting, in a methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE) unit, the C.sub.4 stream with a methanol stream to form MTBE and a butadiene-rich C.sub.4 stream; selectively hydrogenating, in a butadiene unit, the butadiene-rich C.sub.4 stream to form a butene-rich C.sub.4 stream including butene-1, cis-butene-2, and trans-butene-2; producing, in an isononanol unit, isononanol and an olefin-rich stream from the butene-rich C.sub.4 stream; and hydrating the olefin-rich stream in a hydration unit by combining the olefin-rich stream with a water stream and a catalyst composition to produce the alcohol gasoline blending components.

In accordance with one or more embodiments of the present disclosure, a method for producing epoxide gasoline blending components includes cracking, in a steam cracker, a hydrocarbon feed to form a first ethylene stream, a first propylene stream, and a C.sub.4 stream comprising isobutene and butadiene; reacting, in a methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE) unit, the C.sub.4 stream with a methanol stream to form MTBE and a butadiene-rich C.sub.4 stream; selectively hydrogenating, in a butadiene unit, the butadiene-rich C.sub.4 stream to form a butene-rich C.sub.4 stream including butene-1, cis-butene-2, and trans-butene-2; producing, in an isononanol unit, isononanol and an olefin-rich stream from the butene-rich C.sub.4 stream; and hydrogenating the olefin-rich stream by combining the olefin-rich stream with a hydrogen stream and a catalyst composition to produce the paraffins.

In accordance with one or more embodiments of the present disclosure, a method for producing epoxide gasoline blending components includes cracking, in a steam cracker, a hydrocarbon feed to form a first ethylene stream, a first propylene stream, and a C.sub.4 stream comprising isobutene and butadiene; reacting, in a methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE) unit, the C.sub.4 stream with a methanol stream to form MTBE and a butadiene-rich C.sub.4 stream; selectively hydrogenating, in a butadiene unit, the butadiene-rich C.sub.4 stream to form a butene-rich C.sub.4 stream including butene-1, cis-butene-2, and trans-butene-2; producing, in an isononanol unit, isononanol and an olefin-rich stream from the butene-rich C.sub.4 stream; and hydrogenating the olefin-rich stream by combining the olefin-rich stream with a hydrogen stream and a catalyst composition to produce the paraffins.

Methods for interconverting olefins in an olefin-rich hydrocarbon stream include contacting the olefin-rich hydrocarbon stream with a catalyst system in an olefin interconversion unit to produce an interconverted effluent comprising ethylene and propylene. The contacting may be conducted at a reaction temperature from 450° C. to 750° C., a reaction pressure from 1 bar to 5 bar, and a residence time from 0.5 seconds to 1000 seconds. The catalyst system includes a framework-substituted beta zeolite. The framework-substituted beta zeolite has a *BEA aluminosilicate framework that has been modified by substituting a portion of framework aluminum atoms of the *BEA aluminosilicate framework with beta-zeolite Al-substitution atoms independently selected from the group consisting of titanium atoms, zirconium atoms, hafnium atoms, and combinations thereof.

Methods for interconverting olefins in an olefin-rich hydrocarbon stream include contacting the olefin-rich hydrocarbon stream with a catalyst system in an olefin interconversion unit to produce an interconverted effluent comprising ethylene and propylene. The contacting may be conducted at a reaction temperature from 450° C. to 750° C., a reaction pressure from 1 bar to 5 bar, and a residence time from 0.5 seconds to 1000 seconds. The catalyst system includes a framework-substituted beta zeolite. The framework-substituted beta zeolite has a *BEA aluminosilicate framework that has been modified by substituting a portion of framework aluminum atoms of the *BEA aluminosilicate framework with beta-zeolite Al-substitution atoms independently selected from the group consisting of titanium atoms, zirconium atoms, hafnium atoms, and combinations thereof.

According to the present invention, organic material is converted to biogas through anaerobic digestion and the biogas is purified to yield a combustible fluid feedstock comprising methane. A fuel production facility utilizes or arranges to utilize combustible fluid feedstock to generate renewable hydrogen that is used to hydrogenate crude oil derived hydrocarbons in a process to make transportation or heating fuel. The renewable hydrogen is combined with crude oil derived hydrocarbons that have been desulfurized under conditions to hydrogenate the liquid hydrocarbon with the renewable hydrogen or alternatively, the renewable hydrogen can be added to a reactor operated so as to simultaneously desulfurize and hydrogenate the hydrocarbons. The present invention enables a party to receive a renewable fuel credit for the transportation or heating fuel.

According to the present invention, organic material is converted to biogas through anaerobic digestion and the biogas is purified to yield a combustible fluid feedstock comprising methane. A fuel production facility utilizes or arranges to utilize combustible fluid feedstock to generate renewable hydrogen that is used to hydrogenate crude oil derived hydrocarbons in a process to make transportation or heating fuel. The renewable hydrogen is combined with crude oil derived hydrocarbons that have been desulfurized under conditions to hydrogenate the liquid hydrocarbon with the renewable hydrogen or alternatively, the renewable hydrogen can be added to a reactor operated so as to simultaneously desulfurize and hydrogenate the hydrocarbons. The present invention enables a party to receive a renewable fuel credit for the transportation or heating fuel.

Quinolines, polyquinolines, polybenzoquinolines, molecular segments of fullerenes and graphene nanoribbons, and graphene nanoribbons and processes for producing such materials are provided. The processes utilize a form of an aza-Diels-Alder (Povarov) reaction to first form quinolines and/or polyquinolines. In some such embodiments polyquinolines thus produced are used to form graphene nanoribbon precursors, and molecular segments and graphene nanoribbons. In many such embodiments the graphene nanoribbone precursors are formed from polybenzoquinolines.

Quinolines, polyquinolines, polybenzoquinolines, molecular segments of fullerenes and graphene nanoribbons, and graphene nanoribbons and processes for producing such materials are provided. The processes utilize a form of an aza-Diels-Alder (Povarov) reaction to first form quinolines and/or polyquinolines. In some such embodiments polyquinolines thus produced are used to form graphene nanoribbon precursors, and molecular segments and graphene nanoribbons. In many such embodiments the graphene nanoribbone precursors are formed from polybenzoquinolines.